INTRODUCTION TO EDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY CLEP EXAM REVIEW QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS, GRADED A+

INTRODUCTION TO EDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY CLEP EXAM REVIEW QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS, GRADED A+ standard biography - -going to school, completing an educational program, getting a job, then retiring (for women the work would be broken up by times focused on childbearing/care) elective biography - -the current life stages (education, work or more education, unemployment and maybe going back to school, etc.) Simple Moral Education Programs - -A type of character education where an instructor discusses moral questions with students. This type of program has limited success. Community-Based Education Programs - -A community-centered approach to character education that attempts to apply what the students learn in the classroom to everyday life. Character Education Programs - -Programs which teach students about different positive character traits and how to apply them to their lives. Two-Store Model - -Developed by Atkinson and Shiffrin. A model of memory that includes three interacting components (sensory register, working memory, and long-term memory) that together process external information. Although there are three parts, only two of them (working and long-term) are used for memory storage. Sensory Register - -According to the Two-Store Model, this is the first phase of memory processing. This part of memory temporarily holds all sensory information. Iconic Storage Register - -The sensory register for visual information. It has a maximum storage capacity of 1 second. Echoic Storage Register - -The sensory register for auditory information. It has a maximum storage capacity of 4 seconds. Attention - -Consciously focusing on specific stimuli. This process prevents irrelevant information from interfering with one's cognitive processes. Working or Short-Term Memory - -The second level of processing, and the first level of information storage, in the Two-Store Model. At this level, the person is consciously perceiving certain aspects of the external world. In adults, this kind of memory holds up to seven, plus or minus two, bits of information (5 in kids). This information must be rehearsed in order to keep it for more than 20 seconds. Maintenance or Rote Rehearsal - -Repeating information in the same way it was received. This is the first type of rehearsal to develop in children, but has been found to be an inefficient method of transferring information into long-term memory. Elaborative Encoding - -A method of rehearsal where one retains information in short-term memory by relating it to previously learned knowledge. This is a much more effective way to retain information for long periods of time. chunking - -Combining information into larger and more meaningful units, can increase the size of the bits. This will help you to hold "more" in your working/short-term memory. Automaticity - -The ability to perform a task automatically, with little or no conscious effort. Encoding - -The process of transferring information from short-term to long-term memory by developing meaningful relationships and patterns in the data that relate to one's previous knowledge. Perception - -The act of assigning meaning to information by interpreting it based on what one already knows. Long-Term Memory - -An unlimited cognitive storage system for retaining permanent records of information deemed important. According to the Two-Store Model, this is the third level of processing and the second level of storag