NBME 25| Questions and Answers, 100% Correct

NBME 25| Questions and Answers, 100% Correct Patient had anaphylaxis following the transfusion of fresh frozen plasma. What is the genetic deficiency? IgA deficiency. Patient with this disease may have preformed antibodies against IgA How does sitagliptin work? It is a competitive inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4). It prevents breakdown of GI incretins (ex: glucagon-like peptide, GLP-1) and promote endogenous release of insulin. ** DPP4 inhibitor increases endogenous insulin What are acoustic neuromas? Vestibular schwannoma Benign tumors of Schwann cells that arise from the vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII). How does acoustic neuromas cause symptoms? Lesions of CN VIII leads to ipsilateral hearing loss and positional dizziness Compression of the cerebellar peduncles leads to ipsilateral dysmetria What is the classic presentation of pyloric stenosis? Male infant 3-6 weeks of age with repeated vomiting after feeds, dehydration, and hypochloremic, hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis Explain the electrolyte and metabolic derangement seen with pyloric stenosis