ATLS EXAM WITH QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS GRADED A+[ACTUAL EXAM 100%]

ATLS EXAM WITH QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS GRADED A+[ACTUAL EXAM 100%] True or false? Although the mechanism of injury may be similar to those for the younger population, data shows increased mortality with similar severity of injury in older adults. - ANS---True In the elderly population, what is decreased physiological reserve? - ANS---aging is characterized by impaired adaptive and homeostatic mechanisms that caused an increased susceptibility to the stress of injury. Insults tolerated by the younger population can lead to devastating results in elderly patients. What is the most common mechanism of injury in the elderly? - ANS---Fall. Nonfatal falls are common in women and fractures are common in women who fall. Falls are the most common cause of TBI. In the elderly population, what are risk factors for falls? - ANS---advanced age, physical impairment, history of previous fall, medication use, dementia, unsteady gait, and visual, cognitive impairment Pre-existing conditions that affect morbidity and mortality include: - ANS---cirrhosis, coagulopathy, COPD, ischemic heart disease, DM Most of elderly traffic fatalities occur in the daytime and on weekends and typically involve other vehicles. Why? - ANS---Older people drive on more familiar roads and at lower speeds and tend to drive during the day. Older people have slower reaction time, a larger blind spot, limited cervical mobility, decreased hearing, and cognitive impairment. Spilled hot liquids on the leg, which in younger patients may re-epithelialize due to an adequate number of hair follicles, will result in a full thickness burn in older patients. - ANS---this is true Airway-patients may have dentures that may loosen or obstruct the airway. If dentures are not obstructing the airway, leave them in place for what? - ANS---bag mask ventilation, as it improves mask fitting. When preforming rapid sequence intubation, the dose of benzos, barbiturates, and other sedatives should be reduced to what percentage to minimize the risk of cardiovascular depression? - ANS---20-40% True or False? Mortality associated with small to moderate sized burns in older adults remains high - ANS---True Functional changes in cardiac system include declining function, decreased sensitivity to catecholamines, atherosclerosis of coronary vessels, increased afterload, fixed heart rate (beta blockers) - ANS---this results in lack of classic response to hypovolemia, risk for cardiac ischemia, elevated BP at baseline, and increased risk of dysrythmias. Functional changes in pulmonary system include decreased elastic recoil, reduced residual capacity, decreased gas exchange and decreased cough