Een top samenvatting van alle 5 de PowerPoints van International economics die gegeven worden aan International Business students aan Han, University of applied Science in hun 2e jaar. Ook nog een klein deel samenvatting van de PDF's die je moet leren voor je tentamens (krijg je er gratis bij). || ...
Internatonal economics
Week 4
Balance of payments:
• current account = accounts for flows of goods and services
• financial account = accounts for flows of financial assets
• capital account = flows of special categories of assets (capital)
• errors and emisions
• official reserves
Balance of payments = detailed record of all the countries payments
to and its receipt from foreigners -> international transaction involves
2 parties and each transaction enters the account twice: credit and
debit
Current account + financial account + (capital account) = 0
So when the current account is negative, financial account should
be positive, because both add up to 0
Current account
The sub accounts are:
1. Merchandise (goods) account: imports and exports:
1b. Services account: imports and exports
2. primary income: interest and dividend payments, earning of firms
and workers operating in forgeign countries
3. secondary income: gifts across countries (development aid)
National income identify for an open economy is
Current
~
Y = C + I + G + EX - IM
Expenditure by Net expenditure by
account
domestic individuals foreign individuals
When a country exports more than it imports, it earns more
income from export than it spends on imports -> net foreign
wealth is increasing
,When a country exports less than it imports, it earns less income from
exports than it spends on imports -> net foreign wealth is decreasing
National savings (S) = national income that is not spent on consumption
(C) or government purchases (G)
S = Sp + Sg Sp = private savings
Sp= Y - C - T Sg = government savings
Sg = T - G
S = (Y - C - T) + (T - G) Y = income
S=Y+C+G T = taxes
CA = EX - IM = Y - (C + I + G)
CA = ( Y - C - G) - I
CA = S - I
Countries CA deficit: I > S
Closed economy: CA = 0 -> S = I Countries CA surplus: S > I
CA = national saving - investment
CA = net foreign investment
a country that exports more than it imports has high national savings
relative to investment
Financial account
= the difference between sales of domestic assets to foreigners and
purchases of foreign assets by domestic citizens
1. financial inlow
> foreigners lend to domestic citizens by buying domestic assets
> domestic assets sold to foreigners are credit
2. Financial outflow
> domestic citizens lend to foreigners by buying foreign assets
> foreign assets purchases by domestic citizens are a debit
Subbacounts:
> Foreign direct investment (FDI) -> acquire control of the firms
management, are long term investments
> Portfolio investments -> acquire a reasonable return given the risk
involved. Stocks and bonds, goal is to make financial return, short term.
>other financial flows
, > other financial flows -> bank loans etc
Official reserves
foreign assets held by central banks to
cushion against financial instability
- assets include government bonds, currency etc
- Official reserve assets sold by the own central bank are credit
- Official reverse assets purchased bu the domestic central bank
are debit
- Intervention on the currency market: is to get control of the
currency
Erros and omissions
there was cash outflow but the purpose of the outflow wasn't
clear (they didn't know for what) -> so in order to keep the current
account account balanced with the capital and financial account,
they add it.
Receipts -> Payments -> money
money flowing flowing out of a
in a country Balance of payments country
- Credit (+) Debit (-)
-
Exports Imports
Decrease net foreign Increase net foreign
wealth (assets) wealth (assets)
Decrease in official Increase in official
reserves reserves
Les avantages d'acheter des résumés chez Stuvia:
Qualité garantie par les avis des clients
Les clients de Stuvia ont évalués plus de 700 000 résumés. C'est comme ça que vous savez que vous achetez les meilleurs documents.
L’achat facile et rapide
Vous pouvez payer rapidement avec iDeal, carte de crédit ou Stuvia-crédit pour les résumés. Il n'y a pas d'adhésion nécessaire.
Focus sur l’essentiel
Vos camarades écrivent eux-mêmes les notes d’étude, c’est pourquoi les documents sont toujours fiables et à jour. Cela garantit que vous arrivez rapidement au coeur du matériel.
Foire aux questions
Qu'est-ce que j'obtiens en achetant ce document ?
Vous obtenez un PDF, disponible immédiatement après votre achat. Le document acheté est accessible à tout moment, n'importe où et indéfiniment via votre profil.
Garantie de remboursement : comment ça marche ?
Notre garantie de satisfaction garantit que vous trouverez toujours un document d'étude qui vous convient. Vous remplissez un formulaire et notre équipe du service client s'occupe du reste.
Auprès de qui est-ce que j'achète ce résumé ?
Stuvia est une place de marché. Alors, vous n'achetez donc pas ce document chez nous, mais auprès du vendeur juliaaalberts. Stuvia facilite les paiements au vendeur.
Est-ce que j'aurai un abonnement?
Non, vous n'achetez ce résumé que pour €7,16. Vous n'êtes lié à rien après votre achat.
