Lisa A. Urry; Michael L. Cain
TEST BANK
Campbell Biology in Focus
3rd Edition
9780135191781 Table of content
Chapter 1 Introduction: Evolution and the Foundations of Biology
Chapter 2 The Chemical Context of Life
Chapter 3 Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life
Chapter 4 A Tour of the Cell
Chapter 5 Membrane Transport and Cell Signaling
Chapter 6 An Introduction to Metabolism
Chapter 7 Cellular Respiration and Fermentation
Chapter 8 Photosynthesis
Chapter 9 The Cell Cycle
Chapter 10 Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles
Chapter 11 Mendel and the Gene Idea
Chapter 12 The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance
Chapter 13 The Molecular Basis of Inheritance
Chapter 14 Gene Expression: From Gene to Protein
Chapter 15 Regulation of Gene Expression
Chapter 16 Development, Stem Cells, and Cancer
Chapter 17 Viruses
Chapter 18 Genomes and Their Evolution
Chapter 19 Descent with Modification
Chapter 20 Phylogeny
Chapter 21 The Evolution of Populations
Chapter 22 The Origin of Species
Chapter 23 Broad Patterns of Evolution
Chapter 24 Early Life and the Diversification of Prokaryotes
Chapter 25 The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes
Chapter 26 The Colonization of Land
Chapter 27 The Rise of Animal Diversity
Chapter 28 Vascular Plant Structure and Growth
Chapter 29 Resource Acquisition, Nutrition, and Transport in Vascular Plants
Chapter 30 Reproduction and Domestication of Flowering Plants
Chapter 31 Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals
Chapter 32 The Internal Environment of Animals: Organization and
Regulation
Chapter 33 Animal Nutrition
Chapter 34 Circulation and Gas Exchange
Chapter 35 The Immune System
Chapter 36 Reproduction and Development Table of content
Chapter 37 Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling
Chapter 38 Nervous and Sensory Systems
Chapter 39 Motor Mechanisms and Behavior
Chapter 40 Population Ecology and the Distribution of Organisms
Chapter 41 Ecological Communities
Chapter 42 Ecosystems and Energy
Chapter 43 Conservation Biology and Global Change 1 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education Ltd. Campbell Biology in Focus, 3e , Global Edition (Urry) Chapter 1 Introduction: Evolution and the Foundations of Biology 1.1 Multiple-Choice Questions 1) All of the organisms living in a particular ecosystem ar e collectively known as a(n) A) biological community. B) order. C) family. D) population. Answer: A Topic: 1.1 The study of life reveals unifying themes Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 1.1, V&C 5 2) Many properties of living things involve the transfer and trans formation of energy and matter. For example, plant chloroplasts convert energy from s unlight to which of the following forms of energy or matter? A) the energy of motion B) carbon dioxide and water C) chemical energy D) oxygen E) kinetic energy Answer: C Topic: 1.1 The study of life reveals unifying themes Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 1.1, V&C 4 3) The primary source of energy for producers in an ecosys tem is A) light energy. B) kinetic energy. C) thermal energy. D) chemical energy. Answer: A Topic: 1.1 The study of life reveals unifying themes Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 1.1, V&C 4 www.nursylab.com
www.nursylab.com 2 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education Ltd. 4) All the living things on Earth along with all the place s where life exists are collectively described by which of the following terms? A) an ecosystem B) the biosphere C) a biological community D) a population Answer: B Topic: 1.1 The study of life reveals unifying themes Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 1.1, V&C 5 5) All the living organisms in a particular area along with all the nonliving aspects of the environment with which organisms interact are collectively described by which of the following terms? A) an ecosystem B) the biosphere C) a biological community D) a population Answer: A Topic: 1.1 The study of life reveals unifying themes Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 1.1, V&C 5 6) All the individuals of a particular species living within the bounds of a specified area are collectively described by which of the following terms? A) a biological system B) a biosphere C) a biological community D) a population Answer: D Topic: 1.1 The study of life reveals unifying themes Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 1.1, V&C 5 7) Which of the following types of cells lack(s) a nucleus? A) animal B) plant C) archaea D) fungi Answer: C Topic: 1.1 The study of life reveals unifying themes Bloom's Taxonomy: 3-4: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 1.1, V&C 2 www.nursylab.com
www.nursylab.com 3 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education Ltd. 8) Investigating the molecular structure of DNA in order to understand the chemical basis of inheritance is an example of which approach utilized in the study of biology? A) systems biology B) emergent properties C) reductionism D) deductive reasoning Answer: C Topic: 1.1 The study of life reveals unifying themes Bloom's Taxonomy: 3-4: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 1.1, V&C 1 9) Which of the following correctly describes the forms by which energy flows through an ecosystem from entry to exit? A) heat → chemical → heat B) light → heat → chemical C) light → chemical → heat D) chemical → heat → light Answer: C Topic: 1.1 The study of life reveals unifying themes Bloom's Taxonomy: 3-4: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 1.1, V&C 4 10) Approximately what proportion of the carbon dioxide (CO 2) released by burning fossil fuels remains in the atmosphere, contributing to the trapping of heat close to Earth's surface? A) less than 1% B) 5% C) 50% D) 90% Answer: C Topic: 1.1 The study of life reveals unifying themes Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 1.1, V&C 4, 5 11) Which of the following terms describes membrane-enclos ed components of cells that carry out specialized functions? A) tissues B) orga ns C) organelles D) cells Answer: C Topic: 1.1 The study of life reveals unifying themes Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 1.1, V&C 2 www.nursylab.com
www.nursylab.com 4 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education Ltd. 12) Which of the following represents the correct hierarchy of biological organization from large scale to smaller scale? A) ecosystems → biosphere → communities → populations → organisms B) communities → populations → organisms → ecosystems → biosphere C) biosphere → communities → populations → ecosystems → organisms D) biosphere → ecosystems → communities → populations → organisms E) biosphere → ecosystems → populations → communities → organisms Answer: D Topic: 1.1 The study of life reveals unifying themes Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 1.1, V&C 5 13) Living things are divided into three different domains. Whic h of these domains are classified as prokaryotes? A) Bacteria and Eukarya B) Archaea and Eukarya C) Bacteria and Fungi D) Bacteria and Archaea Answer: D Topic: 1.2 The Core Theme: Evolution accounts for the unit y and diversity of life Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 1.2, V&C 2 14) A single-celled organism isolated from a deep-sea, hot t hermal vent was found to have a cell wall but lacked a nucleus. This organism is most likely a membe r of which of the following domains? A) Eukarya B) Archaea C) Animalia D) Plantae E) Fungi Answer: B Topic: 1.2 The Core Theme: Evolution accounts for the unit y and diversity of life Bloom's Taxonomy: 3-4: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 1.2, V&C 2 15) Strong evidence in support of the common ancestry of all life comes from which of the following observations about living things? A) the fact that decomposers include both bacteria and f ungi B) the ability of plants to convert light energy to che mical energy C) the existence of a nearly universal genetic code D) the universal use of protein catalysts by all cells Answer: C Topic: 1.2 The Core Theme: Evolution accounts for the unit y and diversity of life Bloom's Taxonomy: 3-4: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 1.2, V&C 1, 2 www.nursylab.com
www.nursylab.com 5 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education Ltd. Global L.O.: G2 16) Charles Darwin proposed that "descent with modificatio n" resulted when organisms of a particular species become adapted to their environment because they possess which of the following characteristics? A) nonheritable traits that enhance survival and decrease t heir reproductive success in the local environment B) nonheritable traits that enhance their survival and re productive success in the local environment C) heritable traits that enhance their survival and repro ductive success in the local environme nt D) heritable traits that enhance their survival and decrea se their reproductive success in the local environment Answer: C Topic: 1.2 The Core Theme: Evolution accounts for the unit y and diversity of life Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 1.2, V&C 1 17) Which of the following statements describes an individua l that is likely to be the most successful in an evolutionary sense? A) a reproductively sterile individual who never falls ill B) an organism that dies after five days of life but leaves 10 offspring, all of whom survive to reproduce C) a male who mates with 20 females and fathers one of fspring D) an organism that lives 100 years and leaves two offspring, bo th of whom survive to reproduce E) a female who mates with 20 males and produces two offspr ing who live to reproduce Answer: B Topic: 1.2 The Core Theme: Evolution accounts for the unit y and diversity of life Bloom's Taxonomy: 3-4: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 1.2, V&C 1 Global L.O.: G2 18) Over time, the lineage that led to modern whales shows a c hange from four-limbed land animals to aquatic animals with two limbs that function as flipper s. This change is best explained by which of the following concepts or processes? A) an emergent property B) reductionism C) the hierarchy of the biological organization of life D) natural selection Answer: D Topic: 1.2 The Core Theme: Evolution accounts for the unit y and diversity of life Bloom's Taxonomy: 3-4: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 1.2, V&C 1, 2 www.nursylab.com
www.nursylab.com 6 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education Ltd. 19) Which of the following statements describes Charles Dar win's most significant original contribution to understanding both the unity and the diversi ty of life? A) He documented examples of organisms that had evolved ov er time. B) He proposed a mechanism to explain the process of evol ution. C) He explained the relationship between genes and evolution. D) He observed that individuals in a population generally displa yed variation for a number of traits. E) He suggested that survival depends upon competition. Answer: B Topic: 1.2 The Core Theme: Evolution accounts for the unit y and diversity of life Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 1.2, V&C 1 20) Which of the following statements is a distinguishing characteristic of fungi? A) obtaining nutrients by absorbing them from the environment B) obtaining nutrients by ingesting other organisms C) converting light energy to chemical energy in the fo rm of sugars D) living in extreme environments like boiling hot springs Answer: A Topic: 1.2 The Core Theme: Evolution accounts for the unit y and diversity of life Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 1.2, V&C 2 21) The variation observed among the finches Darwin collec ted from the Galápagos Islands illustrate which of the following principles associated with the evolution of species? A) mutation frequency B) production of more offspring than can survive C) descent with modification D) the accuracy of the fossil record Answer: C Topic: 1.2 The Core Theme: Evolution accounts for the unit y and diversity of life Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 1.2, V&C 1 www.nursylab.com
www.nursylab.com 7 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education Ltd. 22) Imagine there is a species-specific fishing regulation th at mandates that only adult fish of this species that are 75 cm or longer may be kept; shorter fish must be released. Based on your knowledge of natural selection, how would you predict that the average length of the adult fish population might be affected? A) Length would remain unchanged. B) Length would gradually decrease. C) Length would rapidly decrease. D) Length would gradually increase. E) Length would rapidly increase. Answer: B Topic: 1.2 The Core Theme: Evolution accounts for the unit y and diversity of life Bloom's Taxonomy: 3-4: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 1.2, V&C 1 Global L.O.: G2 23) In her studies of chimpanzee behavior, Jane Goodall collec ted both qualitative and quantitative data. Which of the following is an example o f quantitative data? A) Chimpanzees typically travel together in small groups. B) Pairs of animals take turns grooming each other. C) Young chimpanzees play games in the trees and on the groun d. D) Mothers and their infants typically nap for two to three hours each afternoon. Answer: D Topic: 1.3 In studying nature, scientists form and test hypothes es Bloom's Taxonomy: 3-4: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 1.3, V&C 1 Global L.O.: G1 24) The process of science involves testing which of the f ollowing? A) a data set B) a hypothesis C) an observation D) a conclusion E) a control group Answer: B Topic: 1.3 In studying nature, scientists form and test hypothes es Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 1.3, V&C 1 Global L.O.: G1 www.nursylab.com
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