This document contains the part "System Designs' of Rachel Armstrong. The document is a summary of the ppt used in class + additional info told by the docent during class.
written in English, since the course is also in English.
CHAPTER: SYSTEM DESIGN
1.The Work of Life
Types of Energy Needs:
• Energy for the body: the work of life
• Energy for machines: the work of machines
• New thermoeconomics: a new value landscape for systems and energy exchange
= paradigm shift in the role of energy in living systems (+ in evolution)
economic criteria: productivity – efficiency – costs and benefits (= profitability) of
various mechanisms for capturing + utilizing energy to build biomass
The Second Law: heat is transferred form one body to another only if 2 bodies
≠ temperatures
Body highest temperature body lowest temperature
2.Metabolism
bodily Body energy + material transformation achieved by metabolism = process
metabolism of maintaining living cells
Metabolism = all the chemical processes going on continuously inside the
body that allow life + normal functioning (= homeostasis)
• Processes that break down nutrients form food + build/repair body
Ecosystems Each body in an ecosystem metabolises + eats slightly differently
metabolism
While food chains and pyramids vary, there is a robust circular system of
exchange underpinning all ecosystem metabolism which is shared between
bodies
Japanese metabolist architecture principles: building = living and
breathing organism hence the word “metabolism”
• key design philosophy = architectural adaptability to unpredictable
changes
The Metabolist founders used biological metaphors to call for buildings
capable of regeneration
I consciously selected the terms and key concepts of metabolism,
metamorphosis, and because they were the vocabulary of life principles.
Machines do not grow, change, or metabolize of their accord. "Metabolism"
was indeed an excellent choice for a key word to announce the beginning of
the age of life....I have chosen metabolism, metamorphosis, and symbiosis
as key terms and concepts to express the principle of life. Kisho Kurakawa
Japan needed way to accommodate growing concerns regarding urban
housing
, How would urban development solve a housing demand crisis for a growing
Japanese population?
• Land = scarce looking for new environments to build upon
Tokyo bay
Marine city
Agricultural city
The city of the air
conceptualization of megastructures: push for building
megastructures at sea, farmlands + high-rise suspensions to
maximize available space
Relevance of Japanese Metabolism:
Japanese metabolism = created because of ever-increasing population
growth
• Now: Japan = population decline
• The state: exercises weaker influence on land planning matters
dominant force in today’s architectural scene = powerful market
economy + consumer culture
Architects now: more subject to demands of private sector
≠ government partnership that arose from a mutual interest in
nation-building
City urban metabolism = fundamentally an accounting framework
metabolism • Goal: quantify inflows – outflows – accumulation of resources in an
city (materials + energy)
• Concept can be useful to planning practice can offer planning an
effective understanding of how cities work, in terms of their
fundamental stocks and flows
Sankey Diagrams
, 2.1.Role of indoor spaces in systems
• city = political framework (polis – the study of the city) for organizing resource
• indoor space (oikos) = site of its use for human occupation
design better indoor spaces consider how the services create quality habitats
Regenerative architecture seeks to design life-promoting living spaces
In an urban context: we do not live alone must consider societal – economic – political -
environmental landscapes in which our design is emplaced
indoor & urban spaces
• Indoor spaces (oikos): core to resource utilization for human occupation
• Urban spaces: broader context in which indoor spaces exist
Creating high-quality indoor environments is crucial for well-being
Relationship:
• Indoor practices and design influence urban sustainability
• Effective urban planning is vital for creating resilient cities
2.2.Cities as Spaces for making networks
Evolution of cities:
¾ of Europeans lives in cities (UN-habitat)
with their concentrated population + infrastructure: could be first line approach to
establishing a Regenerative quality of life
Urban planning: replace the wild sprawl of megacities urban forms need rethinking to foster
social + environmental sustainability cities
Modern centralized city = so dense needs very centralized system for providing services
cannot go down to fresh local stream to get water
• Cities: cannibalized + destroyed fertile land they were built on
• Now: building utilities + services must used to support activities of daily life
utilities – services – networks = alternatives for soil
Ideal infrastructure for a city would function like soil this is what our city
infrastructures have replaced
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