Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) - Answer Eye-opening response
Spontaneous opening- 4
To verbal stimuli- 3
To pain- 2
None- 1
Most appropriate verbal response
Oriented- 5
Confused- 4
Inappropriate words- 3
Incoherent- 2
None- 1
Most intergrated motor response (arm)
Obeys commands- 6
Localizes pain- 5
Withdraws from pain- 4
Flexion to pain- 3
Extension to pain- 2
None- 1
Orthopnea - Answer ability to breathe only in an upright position (CHF, Heart
problem)
General malaise - Answer Run down feeling, nausea, weakness, fatigue, headache
(electrolyte imbalance)
Dyspnea - Answer Grade 1- occurs after unusual exertion
Grade 2- breathless after going up hills or stairs
Grade 3- while walking at normal speed
Grade 4- slowly walking a short distance
Grade 5- at rest, shaving, dressing, etc.
vasovagal syncope - Answer Common dizziness and fainting, caused by loss of
peripheral venous tone
orthostatic hypotension - Answer Excessive drop in BP when assuming the standing
position
Carotid sinus syncope - Answer Associated with hypertension carotid sinus - more
common in elderly patients
,Cough (tussive) syncope - Answer Transient loss of consciousness following severe
coughing
FUO - Answer fever of unknown origin
heart rate - Answer 60-100 bpm
Respiratory rate - Answer 12-20 breaths per minute
PERRLA - Answer pupils- equal, round, reactive to light and accommodation
Miosis - Answer constricted pupils (pinpoint)
Ptosis - Answer Drooping of the upper eyelid
Diplopia - Answer Blurred or double vision
Nystagmus - Answer involuntary, rapid, rhythmic movement of the eyeball
Peripheral edema - Answer Presence of excess fluid in the tissue.
Caused by CHF, pulmonary hypertension, venous insufficiency and renal failure.
Rated +1,+2,+3,+4; higher numbers indicate more severs swelling.
May be described as "pitting edema"
ascites - Answer abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdomen, generally caused
by liver failure
Clubbing of fingers - Answer Caused by chronic hypoxemia, suggestive of
pulmonary disease
Eupnea - Answer normal respiratory rate, depth and rhythm
Cheyne Stokes - Answer gradually increasing then decreasing rate and depth in a
cycle lasting from 30-180 seconds, with periods of apnea lasting up to 60 seconds.
,Biot's - Answer increased respiratory rate and depth with irregular periods of apnea.
Each breath has the same depth.
Fines Rales (moist crepitant rales) - Answer alveoli, fluid, patient has CHF/
pulmonary edema, patient needs IPPB, heart drugs, diuretics and oxygen
Wheeze - Answer bronchospasm, patient needs a bronchodilator, unilareral wheeze
indicative of a foreign body obstruction
Stridor (Monophonic inspiratory sound, crowing) - Answer Supraglottic swelling
Subglottic swelling (post extubation)
Foreign body aspiration (solid or fluid)
, Treatment- topical decongestant (racemic epinephrine) for swelling and edema
Suctioning and/or bronchoscopy for secretions and foreign body aspiration
Intubation for marked/severe stridor
Heart Sounds: First Sound (S1) - Answer is created by normal closure of the mitral
valve and tricuspid valves at the beginning of ventricular contraction
Heart Sounds: Second Sound (S2) - Answer is normal and occurs when systole
ends, the ventricles relax and the pulmonic and aortic valves close.
Heart Sounds: Third Sound (S3) - Answer in an adult, the presence of an S3 sound,
is abnormal and may suggest CHF
Heart Sounds: Fourth Sound (S4) - Answer the presence of a fourth sound, S4, is
indicative of a cardiac abnormality such as myocardial infarction of cardiomegaly
Decrease PECO2 or PETCO2% - Answer indicates increase in ventilation or
decreased perfusion (deadspace disease: pulmonary embolism, hypovolemia)
Les avantages d'acheter des résumés chez Stuvia:
Qualité garantie par les avis des clients
Les clients de Stuvia ont évalués plus de 700 000 résumés. C'est comme ça que vous savez que vous achetez les meilleurs documents.
L’achat facile et rapide
Vous pouvez payer rapidement avec iDeal, carte de crédit ou Stuvia-crédit pour les résumés. Il n'y a pas d'adhésion nécessaire.
Focus sur l’essentiel
Vos camarades écrivent eux-mêmes les notes d’étude, c’est pourquoi les documents sont toujours fiables et à jour. Cela garantit que vous arrivez rapidement au coeur du matériel.
Foire aux questions
Qu'est-ce que j'obtiens en achetant ce document ?
Vous obtenez un PDF, disponible immédiatement après votre achat. Le document acheté est accessible à tout moment, n'importe où et indéfiniment via votre profil.
Garantie de remboursement : comment ça marche ?
Notre garantie de satisfaction garantit que vous trouverez toujours un document d'étude qui vous convient. Vous remplissez un formulaire et notre équipe du service client s'occupe du reste.
Auprès de qui est-ce que j'achète ce résumé ?
Stuvia est une place de marché. Alors, vous n'achetez donc pas ce document chez nous, mais auprès du vendeur ExceLgrades. Stuvia facilite les paiements au vendeur.
Est-ce que j'aurai un abonnement?
Non, vous n'achetez ce résumé que pour €15,85. Vous n'êtes lié à rien après votre achat.
