PSYS 363 - EXAM #3 - Ch. 4, 5, 6, & 8 (Ball State University, Nardi) 2024/2025 Questions and Answers with complete solution

A cognitive impairment in which the individual has a specific inability in language despite having a perfect audio/visual system; Not genetic; Specific lesion in the language sections of the brain - Aphasia A cognitive task in which the respondent is given the first few letters of a word (such as VIK ... ) and tries to complete the word as quickly as possible - Word-Stem Completion Task A condition in which a patient has general disability across all cognitive abilities with the exception of language; Very rare - Williams Syndrome A fast decaying store of auditory information - Echoic Memory A fast decaying store of visual information - Iconic Memory A set of rules that specify how the units of language can be combined to produce meaningful messages - Grammar A system for communicating with others using symbols that are combined according to the rules of grammar - Language A system of signals for conveying information that alters the behavior of a receiver - Communication An inability to retrieve information from one's past - Retrograde Amnesia Damage to the hippocampus and neighboring regions = Inability to form new, long-term, explicit memories - Anterograde AmnesiaDescribes a language's sound system - put sounds together to form words - Rules of Phonology Describes how to interpret the meaning of new words - Rules of Semantics Enhanced identification of objects or words, in which exposure to a stimulus affects the response to another stimulus (Ex: Petal vs. plate experiment) - Priming Experienced by children between 18 to 20 months old; When a child adds 1-3 new words a day to spoken vocabulary - Word Explosion Facts and general knowledge, detached from personal experience; Ex: what you learn in class ("When did WW2 begin?) - Semantic memory In _____________ _______________, information always leaves a trace, though unattended information will be lost; A lot information is stored here, but is only available for a very short time. - Sensory memory In order, list the universal stages of language acquisition according to age. - Babbling (2-12 months) Single words (12 months) Two-word phrases (18-24 months) Telegraphic sentences (24 months) Grammar regularities (2-4 years old) Grammar irregularities and complex sentences (After 4 years old)