AACVRP Test Questions & Answers 2024/2025
polyphenols - ANSWERSantioxidants
flavonoids are most abundant polyphenols in our diet
Phytosterols - ANSWERSNaturally occurring sterols found in plants. Phytosterols lower LDL cholesterol levels by competing with cholesterol for absorption in the...
flavonoids are most abundant polyphenols in our diet
Phytosterols - ANSWERSNaturally occurring sterols found in plants. Phytosterols lower LDL cholesterol
levels by competing with cholesterol for absorption in the intestinal tract.
fruits and vegetable - ANSWERSimprove lipids, inflammation, and endothelial function
nuts - ANSWERShigh in fat and protein (10-30%)
monounsaturated fats and polyunsaturated fat good for reducing CVD
reduces TC, LDL and apolipoprotein
fish - ANSWERShigh quality protein, PUFA, MUFA
fatty fish = omega 3s
lowers TG and reduce inflammation, improve endothelial function, and limit platelet aggregation
red meat - ANSWERShigher CVD risk and diabetes
high sat fat in non-lean red meat
white meat - ANSWERSlower cholesterol
processed meats - ANSWERShigh sodium and sat fat
preservatives, nitrates
,dairy - ANSWERScalcium, high quality protein, linoleic acid, vitamins, nutrients
lower lipids and improve endothelial function
non fat dairy - ANSWERSno SF or cholesterol and lower in cals = keep benefits of dairy while taking away
risk of CVD
diet for hypertension - ANSWERSlower sodium diet
1500 mg vs 1000 mg reduction
DASH diet with lower sodium diet (what patient should eat vs what they shouldn't eat)
taste buds adapt to lower sodium diet
weight loss and HTN - ANSWERSper 22 lbs, SBP decreases by 5-20 mmHg
3-5% weight loss in six months
alcohol and HTN - ANSWERSimmediate effect is vasodilation, but high blood alcohol levels increase BP
short term
women: less than or equal to one drinks per day lowers BP by 2-4 mmHg
men: less than or equal to two drinks per day lowers BP by 2-4 mmHg
caffeine and HTN - ANSWERSacute intake raises BP
higher risk of HTN=more caffeine will increase BP
safe level (200 mg - one dose) will not induce clinically relevant change in BP, MC BF, hydration status,
body temp, perceived exertion with exercise
diabetic diet and glycemic control - ANSWERSmacro proportions individualized
(lower moderate CHO diet is fine)
diabetes and CHO - ANSWERS43-46% of diet
20-40% lowers A1C, BG, 24-h insulin, FBG
HDL increases with low carb diet
,TD decreases with low and mod carb diet -
40-65% (mod carb) lowers A1C
high carb (70%) vegan diet lowers LDL
if patient is on insulin, the amount of CHO in the meal should ______ the dose of insulin -
ANSWERSmatch
healthful choices for CHO and diabetes - ANSWERSwhole grain and high fiber
protein and diabetes - ANSWERSimportant component of every meal
increases insulin response without effecting BG levels
30% of diet without diabetic kidney disease
fat and diabetes - ANSWERShigh fat increases insulin resistance
MUFA/PUFA do no increase IR
reduced fat (sat fat) diet reduced A1C
in patients who take insulin, meals that are high in fat may require _____ insulin than low fat meals -
ANSWERSmore
weight loss and diabetes - ANSWERSMNT(medical nutrition therapy) improves BP, A1C, weight loss, and
lipids
heart failure and sodium - ANSWERSlower sodium recommendation than gen pop
less than 2000 mg and less than 2 L water consumed
optimal treatment for HF - ANSWERSACE inhibitors, diuretics, fluid restriciton
restore intracellular volume and renal blood flow
stage A/B CHF - ANSWERSless than or equal to 1500 mg
, stage C/D CHF - ANSWERSless than 3000 mg
HF and water intake - ANSWERS1.5-2 L per day
if HF is on fluid restriction and sweats profusely - ANSWERSask MD to increase fluid allowance
HF and weight loss - ANSWERSnot prioritized for HF patients
diet patern for HF - ANSWERSDASH, low sodium Mediterraean diet
social cognitive theory and diet - ANSWERSpersonal factors and environment influence each other
model or observed learning (environmental)
grocery tours, healthy food potlucks, etc
social determination theory and diet - ANSWERSreinforcement
positive (measuring foods)
negative (skipping meals, eating out)
education and diet - ANSWERSeducation materials for person who is ready or willing to change
goal setting and diet - ANSWERSSMART goals
self-monitoring and diet - ANSWERSawareness of healthy decisions
problem solving and diet - ANSWERSidentify problem (afternoon snacking) and inquire what behaviors
or steps must the pt make in order to eat candy bar in desk at work and eliminate that step
mindful eating and intuitive eating - ANSWERShelps with overeating
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