CS6250 Computer Networks Questions And Answers What are advantages and disadvantages of a layered architecture
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What are the bottlenecks that routers face
~
CIDR
~ ..., Classless Inter-Domain Routing
-Technique supported by the BGP4 protocol and based on route aggregation.
-CIDR enables a router to group routes together to reduce the quantity of
routing information carried by the core routers.
-Wi...
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CS6250 Computer Networks
Questions And Answers
What are advantages and disadvantages of a layered architecture?
✓~ Separation of concerns among logical layers promotes flexibility, scalibility, and
maintainability. Multiple applications can reuse the components. It enables teams to
work on different parts with minimal dependencies on other teams
What are the similarities of the OSI model and five-layered Internet model?
✓~ They are both based on layered architecture.
The are comparable to each other - see image 1
Both are networking standards
What are the differences of the OSI model and five-layered Internet model?
✓~ OSI is a generic model based on the functions of each layer. TCP is a protocol
oriented standard.
OSI uses 3 upper layers (application, presentation, and session) while TCP just
uses application.
,Likewise, OSI uses 2 Lower layers (Physical and DataLink) while TCP just uses
Link
What is a socket?
✓~ A socket is one endpoint of a two-way communication link between two
programs running on the network.
A socket is bound to a port number so that the TCP layer can identify the
application that data is destined to be sent to.
Physical Layer
✓~ The lowest, or first, layer of the OSI model. Protocols in this layer generate and
detect signals so as to transmit and receive data over a network medium. These
protocols also set the data transmission rate and monitor data error rates, but do not
provide error correction.
The lowest layer of the OSI Model is concerned with electrically or optically
transmitting raw unstructured data bits across the network from the physical
layer of the sending device to the physical layer of the receiving device. It can
,include specifications such as voltages, pin layout, cabling, and radio frequencies.
At the physical layer, one might find "physical" resources such as network hubs,
cabling, repeaters, network adapters or modems.
OSI Data Link Layer
✓~ At the data link layer, directly connected nodes are used to perform node-to-
node data transfer where data is packaged into frames. The data link layer also
corrects errors that may have occurred at the physical layer.
The data link layer encompasses two sub-layers of its own. The first, media
access control (MAC), provides flow control and multiplexing for device
transmissions over a network. The second, the logical link control (LLC), provides
flow and error control over the physical medium as well as identifies line
protocols.
OSI Network Layer
, ✓~ The network layer is responsible for receiving frames from the data link layer,
and delivering them to their intended destinations among based on the addresses
contained inside the frame. The network layer finds the destination by using logical
addresses, such as IP (internet protocol). At this layer, routers are a crucial
component used to quite literally route information where it needs to go between
networks.
OSI Transport Layer
✓~ The transport layer manages the delivery and error checking of data packets. It
regulates the size, sequencing, and ultimately the transfer of data between systems
and hosts. One of the most common examples of the transport layer is TCP or the
Transmission Control Protocol.
OSI Session Layer
✓~ The session layer controls the conversations between different computers. A
session or connection between machines is set up, managed, and termined at layer
5. Session layer services also include authentication and reconnections.
OSI Presentation Layer
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