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SOCI 1111 Introduction to Sociology I final exam study guide solution Thompson Rivers University
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SOCI 1111 Introduction to Sociology Ifinal exam study guide solution
Thompson Rivers University
, SOCI 1111 Introduction to Sociology I final exam study guide solution Thompson Rivers University
empirical - --relying on or derived from observation, experimentation, or measurement
psychology - --the scientific study of behavior and mental processes
psychobabble - --Pseudoscience and quackery covered by a veneer of psychological and scientific-
sounding language
critical thinking - --The ability and willingness to assess claims and make objective judgments on the
basis of well-supported reasons and evidence rather than emotion or anecdote
Occams Razor - --The principle of choosing the solution that accounts for the most evidence while
making the fewest unverified assumptions.
phrenology - --The now discredited theory that different brain areas account for specific character and
personality traits, which can be "read" from bumps on the skull.
structuralism - --early psych approach that emphasized the analysis of immediate experiences into
basic elements
functionalism - --an early psychological approach that emphasized the function or purpose of behavior
and consciousness
psychoanalysis - --Freud's theory of personality that attributes thoughts and actions to unconscious
motives and conflicts; the techniques used in treating psychological disorders by seeking to expose
and interpret unconscious tensions
,biological perspective - --approach that emphasizes bodily events and changes associated with actions
feelings and thoughts
evolutionary psychology - --emphasizes the importance of adaptation, reproduction, and "survival of
the fittest" in shaping behavior
learning perspective - --emphasizes how the environment and experience affect a person/animal
actions
behaviorism - --emphasizes the study of observable behavior and the role of the environment and
prior experiences as determinant of behavior
cognitive perspective - --A psychological approach that emphasizes mental processes in perception,
memory, language, problem solving, and other areas of behavior
socioculture perspective - --perspective that focuses on the relationship between social behavior and
culture
psychodynamic perspective - --emphasizes unconscious dynamics within the individual, such as inner
forces, conflicts, or the movement of instinctual energy
humanist psychology - --a psychological approach that emphasizes personal growth, resilience, and
the achievement of human potential
feminist psychology - --a psychological approach that analyzes the influence of social inequities on
gender relations and on the behavior of the two sexes
psychological practice - --providing health or mental health services
, basic psychology - --the study of psychological issues in order to seek knowledge for its own sake
rather than for its practical application
applied psychology - --The study of psychological issues that have direct practical significance; also,
the application of psychological findings.
psychotherapist - --
psychoanalyst - --a person who has obtained specialized training at a psychoanalysis institute
psychiatrist - --A medical doctor who has specialized in the diagnosis and treatment of psychological
disorders
theory - --an organized system of assumptions and principles that purports to explain a specified set of
phenomena and interrelationships
operational definition - --A precise definition of a term in a hypothesis, which specifies the operations
for observing and measuring the process or phenomenon being defined.
principle of falsifiability - --The principle that a scientific theory must make predictions that are
specific enough to expose the theory to the possibility of disconfirmation; that is, the theory must
predict not only what will happen but also what will not happen.
confirmation bias - --the tendency to look for or pay attention only to information that confirms one's
own belief
representative sample - --A group of individuals, selected from a population for study, which matches
the population on important characteristics such as age and sex.
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