Semester 1 of 4: BSN-BDG program Patho + Health
Assessment: Cardio & Respiratory Questions With
Complete Solutions
Which of the following conditions most commonly results in
CAD?
a. Atherosclerosis
b. DM
c. MI
d. Renal failure Correct Answers A. Atherosclerosis, or plaque
...... ... ...
formation, is the leading cause of CAD (Coronary Artery
Disease). DM is a risk factor for CAD but isn't the most
common cause. Renal failure doesn't cause CAD, but the two
conditions are related. Myocardial infarction is commonly a
result of CAD.
Atherosclerosis impedes coronary blood flow by which of the
following mechanisms?
a. Plaques obstruct the vein
b. Plaques obstruct the artery
c. Blood clots form outside the vessel wall
d. Hardened vessels dilate to allow the blood to flow through
Correct Answers B. Arteries, not veins, supply the coronary
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arteries with oxygen and other nutrients. Atherosclerosis is a
direct result of plaque formation in the artery. Hardened vessels
can't dilate properly and, therefore, constrict blood flow.
Which of the following risk factors for coronary artery disease
cannot be corrected?
a. Cigarette smoking
b. DM
,c. Heredity
d. HTN Correct Answers C. Because "heredity" refers to our
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genetic makeup, it can't be changed. Cigarette smoking
cessation is a lifestyle change that involves behavior
modification. Diabetes mellitus is a risk factor that can be
controlled with diet, exercise, and medication. Altering one's
diet, exercise, and medication can correct hypertension.
Which of the following is the most common symptom of
myocardial infarction?
a. Chest pain
b. Dyspnea
c. Edema
d. Palpitations Correct Answers A. The most common symptom
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of an MI is chest pain, resulting from deprivation of oxygen to
the heart. Dyspnea is the second most common symptom,
related to an increase in the metabolic needs of the body during
an MI. Edema is a later sign of heart failure, often seen after an
MI. Palpitations may result from reduced cardiac output,
producing arrhythmias.
Which of the following landmarks is the correct one for
obtaining an apical pulse?
a. Left intercostal space, midaxillary line
b. Left 5th intercostal space, midclavicular line
c. Left 2nd intercostal space, midclavicular line
d. Left 7th intercostal space, midclavicular line Correct Answers
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B. The correct landmark for obtaining an apical pulse is the left
......
intercostal space in the midclavicular line. This is the point of
maximum impulse (PMI) and the location of the left ventricular
apex. The left 2nd intercostal space in the midclavicular line is
, where the pulmonic sounds are auscultated. Normally, heart
sounds are not heard in the midaxillary line or the 7th intercostal
space in the midclavicular line.
A murmur is heard at the 2nd left intercostal space along the left
sternal border. Which valve area is this?
a. Aortic
b. Mitral
c. Pulmonic
d. Tricuspid Correct Answers C. Abnormalities of the pulmonic
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valve are auscultated at the 2nd left intercostal space along the
left sternal border. Aortic valve abnormalities are heard at the
2nd intercostal space, to the right of the sternum. Mitral valve
abnormalities are heard at the 5th intercostal space in the
midclavicular line. Tricuspid valve abnormalities are heard at
the 3rd and 4th intercostal spaces along the sternal border.
Which of the following actions is the first priority care for a
client exhibiting signs and symptoms of coronary artery disease?
a. Decrease anxiety
b. Enhance myocardial oxygenation
c. Administer sublignual nitroglycerin
d. Educate the client about his symptoms Correct Answers B.
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Enhancing mocardial oxygenation is always the first priority
when a client exhibits signs and symptoms of cardiac
compromise. Without adequate oxygen, the myocardium suffers
damage. Although educating the client and decreasing anxiety
are important in care delivery, nether are priorities when a client
is compromised. Sublingual nitroglycerin is administered to treat
acute angina, but its administration isn't the first priority.
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