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PSCI 210 Exam 1 Questions with Correct Answers Establishment Clause - Answer-Clause in the First Amendment that says the government may not establish an official religion. Miller v California - Answer-A first amendment case. The Court defined obscenity. To be obscene, the work, taken as a whole...

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  • 21 août 2024
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  • 2024/2025
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PSCI 210 Exam 1 Questions with
Correct Answers

Establishment Clause - Answer-Clause in the First Amendment that says the
government may not establish an official religion.

Miller v California - Answer-A first amendment case. The Court defined obscenity. To be
obscene, the work, taken as a whole, must be judged by "the average person applying
contemporary community standards" to appeal to the "prurient interest" or to depict "in a
patently offensive way, sexual conduct specifically defined by applicable state law" and
to lack "serious literary, artistic, political, or scientific value." 1971

Jim Crow Laws - Answer-were state and local laws passed from the end of
Reconstruction in 1877 through the mid-1950s by which white southerners reasserted
their dominance by denying African Americans basic social, economic, and civil rights,
such as the right to vote.

Probable Cause - Answer-Cause for believing that there is a substantial likelihood that a
person has committed or is about to commit a crime.

1964 Civil Rights Act - Answer-Prohibited segregation in public accommodations; gave
the federal government the power to pursue school integration; barred discrimination in
employment; fulfilled some of the goals Martin Luther King Jr. outlined when he began
his civil rights protests in Birmingham, Alabama.

Regents of University of CA v Bakke - Answer-a 1978 Supreme Court decision holding
that a state university could not admit less qualified individuals solely because of their
race.

Prior Restraint - Answer-A government preventing material from being published. This is
a common method of limiting the press in some nations, but it is usually unconstitutional
in the United States, according to the First Amendment and as confirmed in the 1931
Supreme Court case of Near v. Minnesota.

Plessy v Ferguson - Answer-The 1896 supreme court case that established the
controversial " separate but equal" doctrine by which segregation became legal as long
as the facilities proved to blacks were equivalent to those provided for whites.

Civil Liberties versus Civil Rights - Answer-The legal area known as "civil rights" has
traditionally revolved around the basic right to be free from unequal treatment based on
certain protected characteristics (race, gender, disability, etc.) in settings such as
employment and housing. "Civil liberties" concern basic rights and freedoms that are

, guaranteed -- either explicitly identified in the Bill of Rights and the Constitution, or
interpreted through the years by courts and lawmakers

Karl Marx - Answer-1818-1883. 19th century philosopher, political economist,
sociologist, humanist, political theorist, and revolutionary. Often recognized as the father
of communism. Analysis of history led to his belief that communism would replace
capitalism as it replaced feudalism. Believed in a classless society. Author of "The
Communist Manifesto"

Max Weber - Answer-German sociologist that regarded the development of rational
social orders as humanity's greatest achievement. Saw bureaucratization (the process
whereby labor is divided into an organized community and individuals acquire a sense
of personal identity by finding roles for themselves in large systems) as the driving force
in modern society.

John Locke - Answer-1632-1704. Argued that government exists to protect "life, liberty,
and property" More optimistic about human nature. Believed humans enjoyed certain
inalienable rights that no government can take away. Humans entered into social
contract to establish government and protect rights

Connecticut Compromise - Answer-Agreement during the Constitutional Convention
that Congress should be composed of a Senate, in which States would be represented
equally, and a House, in which representation would be based on a State's population.

Gender Gap - Answer-A distinctive pattern of voting behavior reflecting the differences
in views between women and men.

McCulluch v Maryland - Answer-an 1819 supreme court decision that est the
supremacy of the national gov over state govs. in deciding this case chief justice
Marshall and his colegues held that congress had certain implied powers in addition to
enumerated powers found in the constitution

20th Amendment - Answer-"Lame Duck" - Moved inauguration date (and start of
Congress) from March to January

Marbury v Madison - Answer-The 1803 case in which Chief Justice John Marshall and
his associates first asserted the right of the Supreme Court to determine the meaning of
the U.S. Constitution. The decision established the Court's power of judicial review over
acts of Congress, (the Judiciary Act of 1789).

10th Amendment - Answer-Amendment that gives the rights not delegated to National
government or denied to the States to the States.

18th Amendment - Answer-1919- Progressive amendment that made the production
and sale of alcohol illegal in an attempt to improve morality and family life.

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