NSC Chapter 5 Test with Complete Solutions
transporters - Answer-special proteins embedded in the vesicle membrane that concentrate neurotransmitters inside the vesicle once the amino acid and amine neurotransmitters are synthesized in the cytosol and then taken up by the synaptic vesicles.
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NSC Chapter 5 Test with Complete
Solutions
transporters - Answer-special proteins embedded in the vesicle membrane that
concentrate neurotransmitters inside the vesicle once the amino acid and amine
neurotransmitters are synthesized in the cytosol and then taken up by the synaptic
vesicles.
voltage-gated calcium channels - Answer-following the depolarization of the terminal
membrane, these channel proteins open and let in Ca++ ions; resulting elevation in the
ions is the signal that causes neurotransmitter to be released form synaptic vesicles
exocytosis - Answer-process by which vesicles release the neurotransmitters into the
synaptic cleft
vesicle fuses to the presynaptic membrane at the synaptic cleft
endocytoses - Answer-process by which the vesicle that's fused into the cell membrane
is recovered
transmitter-gated ion channels - Answer-receptors that membrane-spanning proteins
consisting of four or five subunits that come together to form a pore between them
closed in absence of neurotransmitters; opened when activated by neurotransmitters
and ions can pass through the pore
less ion selectivity
excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) - Answer-transient postsynaptic membrane
depolarization caused by the presynaptic release of neurotransmitter
inhibitory postsynaptic potential (IPSP) - Answer-transient hyperpolarization of the
postsynaptic membrane potential caused by the presynaptic release of neurotransmitter
associated with the intake of chloride which makes the cell more negative and further
away from the threshold
G-protein-coupled receptors - Answer-receptor that, when neurotransmitters act upon it,
have slower, longer-lasting and much more diverse postsynaptic actions
involves 3 steps: 1) neurotransmitter molecules bind to receptor proteins embedded in
the postsynaptic membrane; 2) receptor proteins activate G-proteins that freely move
, along the intracellular face of the postsynaptic membrane; and 3) activated G-proteins
activate "effector" proteins
G proteins - Answer-small proteins that freely move along the intracellular face of the
postsynaptic membrane
second messengers - Answer-enzymes that synthesize molecules that diffuse away in
the cytosol
can activate additional enzymes in the cytosol that can regulate ion channel function
and alter cellular metabolism
metabotropic receptors - Answer-receptors that trigger widespread metabolic effects
autoreceptors - Answer-presynaptic receptors that are sensitive to the neurotransmitter
released by the presynaptic terminal
G-protein-coupled receptors that stimulated second messenger formation
common effect is inhibition of neurotransmitter release and in some cases
neurotransmitter synthesis
allows presynaptic terminal to regulate itself and serve as a sort of safety valve to
reduce release when concentration of neurotransmitter in the synaptic cleft gets too
high
neuropharmacology - Answer-study of the effects of drugs on the nervous system tissue
synaptic transmission - Answer-process of information transfer at a synapse
two types: electrical and chemical
electrical synapses - Answer-synaptic transmission via electrical current flowing from
one neuron to the next
occur through gap junctions that ions pass directly from cytoplasm of one cell to
cytoplasm of the other
at the junctions, channels called connexons (2 per channel) form gap junction channels
that ions pass through
transmission is bidirectional and very fast
when connected by by gap junctions, said to be electrically coupled
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