Transducer contains a large number of rectangular piezoelectric elements arranged in a linear pattern -
sector phased array
increasing the line density will _______ # of pulses per frame, improve spatial resolution (axial and
lateral), __________ frame rate and ___________ temporal resolution. i...
URR Echocardiography
Transducer contains a large number of rectangular piezoelectric elements arranged in a linear pattern -
sector phased array
increasing the line density will _______ # of pulses per frame, improve spatial resolution (axial and
lateral), __________ frame rate and ___________ temporal resolution. increase/decrease? -
increases, decreases, decreases
a wave that requires a medium through which to travel, cannot travel in a vacuum - mechanical
wave
transducer that requires mechanical focusing and steering. electrical focusing and steering is not possible
- single element transducer
Multiple elements used to create an image by varying timing of the electrical pulses to different
elements in the array - phased array
high frequency probes have ________ penetration and _________ resolution - low, high
Combine sequenced linear array and phased array techniques to provide a trapezoidal imaging format -
vector array
In a sector image, the number of scan lines per degree of the sector determines ______ - line
density
increasing sector angle will have _________ spatial resolution and ________ temporal resolution.
degraded/improved? - improved, degraded
decreasing sector angle will _______ spatial resolution and ________ temporal resolution.
degrade/improve - degrade, improve
,list 2 types of spatial resolution - axial and lateral
Resolution with the ability to resolve two separate structures that lie parallel to the ultrasound beam -
axial resolution
forms aorta and pulmonary artery - trunctus arteriosus
forms left ventricle - primitive ventricle
Forms the atria - sino-atrium
forms right ventricle and truncus arteriosus - bulbous cordis
forms the atrial septum, membranous ventricular septum, MV and TV - endocardial cushions
composed of 2 segments that will become SVC, IVC and atrial floor - sinus venosus
connects pulmonary trunk to aortic arch, majority of flow bypasses fetal lungs - ductus arteriosus
connects the umbilical vein to the inferior vena cava, bypassing the liver - ductus venosus
position of apex - inferior, anterior and leftward
position of base - superior, posterior and rightward
which AV valve is closer to the apex? - TV
,normal valve area of TV - 5-8cm²
Which AV valve opens and closes first? - MV
which SL valve opens and closes first? - AoV
name leaflets of TV - anterior, posterior and septal/medial
name leaflets of MV - anterior and posterior
normal valve area of MV - 4-6cm²
which AoV leaflet lies closest to IAS? - NCC
normal AoV area - 3-4cm²
which coronary artery courses through the anterior interventricular groove? - left anterior
descending(LAD)
the right coronary artery (RCA) courses through the _________ __________ Groove - Right
Atrioventricular Coronary
the posterior descending coronary artery and middle coronary vein course through which groove? -
posterior interventricular groove
the left circumflex coronary artery (LCX) courses through the ________ __________ Groove - Left
Atrioventricular Coronary Groove
the right main coronary artery (RCA) supplies blood to which 5 structures? - both atria, atrial
septum, RVFW, and RV apex
, left main coronary artery (LCA) branches into what 2 arteries? - left anterior descending (LAD) and
left circumflex (LCX)
the LCX supplies which walls of the LV? - inferior lateral and anterior lateral
the LAD supplies what structures of the LV? - LV Apex, anterior septal wall and anterior wall of the
LV
the _____ papillary muscle is supplied by the RCA and the ______ papillary muscle is supplied by the
LAD and LCX - posterior medial, anterior lateral
the __________ collects deoxygenated blood from coronary arteries and has the lowest 02 sat of all
chamber and vessels - Coronary Sinus
list the 3 main tributaries of the Coronary sinus - Great Cardiac Vein, Middle Cardiac Vein and
Small Cardiac Vein
the _____ cardiac vein drains blood from the myocardium supplied by the RCA - small
the _____ cardiac vein drains blood from the myocardium supplied by the LAD and LCX - great
the _____ cardiac vein drains blood from the myocardium supplied by the posterior descending artery
(PDA) - middle
the PDA is a branch of the ______ ________ _______ and supplies the ________ and the ______ wall of
the LV - RCA, inferior ventricular septum, inferior
the epicardium is also known as the ________ _______ - visceral pericardium
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