Plasma cells (differentiated B lymphocytes) were found to contain increased amounts of rough endoplasmic reticulum. What is the explanation for this finding?
Hypertrophy, due to increased size and function of the cells.
At autopsy, a small heart in a 90-year-old woman was found full of lipo...
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Plasma cells (differentiated B lymphocytes) were
found to contain increased amounts of rough
endoplasmic reticulum. What is the explanation for
this finding? - answer Hypertrophy, due to
increased size and function of the cells.
At autopsy, a small heart in a 90-year-old woman
was found full of lipofuscin. What is a reasonable
explanation for this finding? - answer Old age.
Lipofuscin is a pigment, associated with an
intracellular storage disorder, that increases when
people age due to wear and tear of the cells.
The left ventricle of the heart was 2.5 cm thick
(normal = 1.5 cm). What is the name for this
morphological adaptation to chronic stress? -
answer Hypertrophy, due to increased size and
function of the cells.
,This is caused by systemic HTN.
*Remember: The number of cells are the same,
they just get bigger.*
Large amounts of brown pigment were noted in a
liver biopsy specimen obtained from a man who
had hemolytic anemia. What is the name for this
brown pigment? What is the name for this
intracellular storage disorder? - answer
Hemosiderosis - form of iron overload disorder
resulting in the accumulation of hemosiderin
The stain for this is Prussian blue.
A 60-year-old man died due to myocardial
infarction. At autopsy, the heart tissue
histologically demonstrated loss of nuclei, loss of
cell outlines, deeply eosinophilic staining of the
cytoplasm, and loss of cross striation of cardiac
myocytes. This heart shows signs of: - answer
Coagulative necrosis
This is a type of irreversible cell injury.
Hallmarks: pyknosis (shrinkage of nuclei) and
karyolysis (loss of nuclei)
, A chronic smoker presented to the hospital with
relentless coughing and a bronchial biopsy was
performed. The biopsy contained fragments of
mature squamous epithelium with no evidence of
nuclear atypia. This pathologic change is called: -
answer Squamous metaplasia, which is a response
to persistent injury.
Squamous epithelium is not normally found in the
lungs. The granular epithelium was replaced with
squamous epithelium.
Other examples include Barrett's esophagus.
Actinic keratosis is a pre-neoplastic condition
marked by variation in size and shape of epithelial
cells, irregular nuclei, and disorderly maturation.
This condition is an example of an adaptation to
persistent stress termed: - answer Dysplasia
This is pre-neoplastic and precancerous. There are
alterations in the uniformity of the cells.
Actin means raised. Keratosis is a condition of the
skin. It is caused by overexposure to sunlight.
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