Test Bank for Philosophies and Theories for Advanced Nursing Practice 3 rd Edition by Butts and Rich FULL PDF

Download full Test Bank for Philosophies and Theories for Advanced Nursing Practice 3rd Edition by Butts and Rich full pdf Sample Questions: Chapter 1 – Philosophy of Science: An Introduction 1. Why are natural sciences also referred to as “pure” sciences? A. They are considered stand-alone bodies of unique knowledge. B. They are the only sciences to which the scientific method can be applied. C. They are the original sciences upon which all others are based. D. They are not affected by subjectivity in the way other sciences are. CORRECT CHOICE A 2. Which is not an example of an applied science as used in health care today? A. Social work B. Psychotherapy C. Examination of care disparities D. Pathology CORRECT CHOICE D 3. Roberta firmly believes that individual experiences are the source of all knowledge in the world. As a scientist, she acknowledges her role as a participant in the experiments she performs and does consider herself merely a disconnected observer of phenomenon. Roberta’s views are most closTeElySrTefBleActNivKeSoEf wLhLiEchRCoOoMl of scientific thought? A. Natural Science B. Human Science C. Applied Science D. Soft Science CORRECT CHOICE B 4. What is the ultimate goal of the scientific method? A. Application of scientific results to a related body of knowledge in order to meet some type of human need. B. Examination of the decisions made by a scientist to understand the ways in which subjectivity was introduced to the experiment. C. Reproducible experimental results that do not take researcher individuality into account. D. Improving the situation or process used in the experiment to yield more accurate results in repeat experiments. CORRECT CHOICE C 5. Which of the following best describes the aim of natural sciences? A. Affirmation of the importance of cultural understanding by uncovering the common subjective biases of different disciplines. B. Improvement of the quality of life by understanding what helps people maximize their functional abilities. C. Utilization of knowledge by applying it to a specific purpose in order to better a situation or change viewpoints. D. Development of knowledge for the sake of developing knowledge, discovering truth, and controlling outcomes. CORRECT CHOICE D 6. Gretchen and Peter are graduate students in the same Physics lab. Their supervisor has asked both of them to perform the same experiment using the same procedure and equipment. After they’ve both completed their task, the compare their results and discover that they are nearly identical. Which of the five criteria for science does Gretchen and Peter’s discovery exemplify? A. Intersubjective testability B. Reliability C. Definiteness and precision D. Coherence CORRECT CHOICE A 7. Which statement does not describe a general characteristic of philosophy? A. Thinking for the sake of thinking. B. Utilization of process and outcome. C. Demarcation of wholeness and holism. D. Application of epistemology and ontology. CORRECT CHOICE C 8. Repetitive patterns of behavior dictated by past experiences is an example of which source of knowledge? A. Doctrine B. Common sense C. Tradition D. Authority CORRECT CHOICE C 9. Francisco is a chemist who rigidly applies the scientific method to all that he does, whether in the lab or out of it, and strongly believes that all relationships are governed by cause and effect. He sees little need for subjectivity in any area of his life, believing instead that the world is an external concept completely independent of individual thoughts or desires. Which philosophical school best describes Francisco’s outlook on the world? A. Phenomenology B. Logical positivism C. Hermeneutics D. Post-structuralism CORRECT CHOICE B 10. Which statement would an adherent of the perceived view most likely make? A. “Observation is completely unbiased.” B. “Descriptive law is the gold standard of science.” C. “Individual phenomenon make up the whole that is the universe.” D. “Theories are neither right nor wrong.” CORRECT CHOICE D 11. Which philosophy subscribes to the idea that the universe is a whole made of interrelated parts? A. Logical positivism B. Chaos and Complexity C. Post-Structuralism D. Hermeneutics CORRECT CHOICE B Chapter 2 – The Evolution of Nursing Science 1. Historically, nursing preparation was referred to as “training,” and many nurses educated through the 1970s still use this term to refer to their education. Why is this terminology particularly problematic in light of the advances made in nursing science in the last 30 years? A. On-the-job apprenticeships are no longer as prevalent as they were up through the late 1970s and early 1980s. B. It places emphasis on nurses’ abilities to perform tasks rather than reason through and understand the purpose of their actions. C. Most modern nurses pursue Master’s level education beyond their practicebased Bachelor’s education. D. The last 30 years have seen nursing education move away from physician-taught courses in hospitals to professor-taught courses at universities. CORRECT CHOICE B 2. During the 1960s, why did nursing scholars heavily emphasize a focus on the theoretical development of nursing as its own, independent discipline?