WS study guide chap 10/11 || with Error-free Solutions.
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What brought on the several centuries of political division following the collapse of the Han dynasty? What was the appeal of Buddhism and Daoism during the era after the collapse of the Han dynasty? correct answers The collapse of the Han dynasty led to division and civil wars. Nomadic forces took...
WS study guide chap 10/11 || with Error-free Solutions.
What brought on the several centuries of political division following the collapse of the Han
dynasty? What was the appeal of Buddhism and Daoism during the era after the collapse of the
Han dynasty? correct answers The collapse of the Han dynasty led to division and civil wars.
Nomadic forces took advantage of this and started to rule over Northern China while Southern
China was still ruled by the Chinese. This led to instability and many civil wars. (Era of the six
dynasties) // The Confucian principles were severely challenged (meaning that people started
thinking against it) and many Chinese turned to supernatural/spiritual beliefs. They began to turn
to Daoism which provided emotional satisfaction (people drank and were naked) But neither was
enough to satisfy the sorrow in people so Buddhism came and helped. Buddhism had the concept
of rebirth.
How significant was international trade to Chinese society? What was traded? From where and
to where? Who benefited—China? Its neighbors? Within China? correct answers International
and maritime trade were both very important for the Chinese. The Chinese exported silk, tea, and
porcelain to countries south of the China sea, they received exotic woods, precious stones, and
cotton from India. Southern seaports exported tropical fruits and walnuts. Canton was the biggest
southern-chinese port with an estimated 100,000 merchants that lived there.
Discuss the significance and impact of the civil service examination on Chinese society. Who
benefited and who did not from the system? Was it actually based upon merit? Why or why not?
correct answers The civil service examination allowed people in Chinese society to accurately
elect their officials. Only those of noble birth could complete the civil service examination. The
Chinese turned to the civil service exams to assist them in keeping their authority over their
people. This was based on merit. This prevented challenges from aristocratic families.
Aristocratic families mastered preparing people for the exams. This did not benefit the noble
families because the relatives of officials were not allowed to take the test, reducing their power.
This system was a great addition to Chinese society and limited power of higher class families.
What were the main achievements in Chinese literature and art in the period between the Tang
dynasty and the Ming, and what technological innovations and intellectual developments
contributed to these achievements? correct answers Literature was enhanced due to creation of
paper (Han) and Woodblock printing (Tang)- Its main achievement were the creation of novels
which popularised it among the educated elite. Art (Mainly painting) was inspired by religions
like Buddhism and Daoism. Paintings were painted with more thought especially keeping depth
in mind.
What roles did Buddhism, Daoism, and Neo-Confucianism play in Chinese intellectual life in the
period between the Sui dynasty and the Ming? In the public sphere, what advantages did
Confucianism have over Buddhism and Daoism, and why? correct answers Buddhism and
Daoism appealed to those who seeked emotional and spiritual satisfaction which Confucianism
lacked. The two began to appear in politics but were immediately removed and soon let down
due to the fact that they opposed confucianism. Neo-confucianism was then created to appeal to
those who supported Buddhism and Daoism but also tie in features from confucianism.
Confucianism was advantageous over the other two because it was greatly influenced in politics
, and strengthened society because it made people more active in it unlike the other two where it
would be common for people to abandon society.
Compare and contrast the status of women in Tang and Song China with the status of women in
two other East Asian societies of your choice. What are the similarities and what are the
differences, and why? correct answers In Tang and Song societies female children were less
wanted because they couldn't carry out work in fields, had tradition of foot binding that
represented submissiveness and self-discipline, and only few women were engaged in politics
versus in Japanese and Vietnam socities wives were able to own property/divorce and had more
heroic women. The main similarity was that men were still dominant.
Why were the Mongols able to amass an empire, and what were the main characteristics of their
rule in China? What was the impact of the "Pax Mongolica" on Eurasian societies in the
thirteenth and fourteenth centuries? correct answers The Mongols were able to overcome the
Chinese Empire because they planned a mass invasion with all of their tribes at the same time.
This worked well in defeating the states and provinces of China individually, which eventually
resulted in an overall collapse. The main characteristics of their rule was advancing technology
and continuing the agricultural society. The Pax Mongolica, also known as the mongol peace. A
time when global trade expanded due to the political stability provided by mongol rulers. The
empire sent invasions in every direction and ultimately connected the East with the West with
the Pax Mongolica, or Mongol Peace, which allowed trade, technologies, commodities, and
ideologies to be disseminated and exchanged across Eurasia. The Mongol raids and invasions
were some of the deadliest and most terrifying conflicts in human history. Ultimately, the empire
started to fragment and dissolved in 1368, at which point the Han Chinese Ming Dynasty took
control.
What were the chief initiatives taken by the early rulers of the Ming dynasty to enhance the role
of China in the world? Why did the imperial court order the famous voyages of Zhenghe, and
why were they discontinued? correct answers The chief initiatives taken by the early rulers of the
Ming Dynasty to enhance the role of China in the world were making, Confucian institutions,
factories and workshops cities, and increasing the food output. The imperial court ordered the
famous voyages of Zhenghe because they wanted to bring back information and goods to their
dynasty. They were discontinued because Emperor Yongle died and he was the main Emperor
behind the expeditions.
How did Song rule differ from Sui, Tang, or Yuan? What methods were utilized, and what
transformations were taking place, that made this period of rule unique?
Assess the Mongol management of China. Is "pax mongolica" a legitimate term? What did it
accomplish? correct answers The leader of the song was able to co-opt many powerful military
commanders and moved its capital. The song were then weakened by factionalism and less tax
revenue and soon conquered by the mongols using new technologies.
What role did geography play in Japan's early development? How did it influence its social,
religious, and political institutions? correct answers Japan's geography played a big role in
Japan's early development. Because of Japan's isolation, it was unable to communicate with most
of the outside world except its islands and china and maintain an individual and unique culture.
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