Sherpath Ch.20 Heart and Neck Vessels Latest Exam Questions And All Verified Answers.
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Heart and Neck Vessels
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Heart And Neck Vessels
Which blood vessel drains the blood from the head and upper extremities?
Pulmonary vein
Inferior vena cava
Superior vena cava
Internal jugular vein - Answer Superior Vena Cava
The superior vena cava drains blood from the head and upper extremities and carries it to the right side of the...
Sherpath Ch.20 Heart and Neck Vessels
Latest Exam Questions And All Verified
Answers.
Which blood vessel drains the blood from the head and upper extremities?
Pulmonary vein
Inferior vena cava
Superior vena cava
Internal jugular vein - Answer Superior Vena Cava
The superior vena cava drains blood from the head and upper extremities and carries it to the right side
of the heart. The pulmonary vein carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart. The internal
jugular vein drains blood from the head, but not from the upper extremities. The inferior vena cava
carries deoxygenated blood from the lower extremities to the right side of the heart.
p. 453
The human heart is found in which location?
Between the right midclavicular line and the right border of the sternum and below the clavicle to the
eighth rib
Between the second and the fifth intercostal spaces from the right edge of the sternum to the left
midclavicular line
Between the third and sixth intercostal spaces from the left midclavicular line to the left midaxillary line
Between the first and fourth intercostal spaces from the left midaxillary line to the left posterior axillary
line - Answer Between the second and the fifth intercostal spaces from the right edge of the sternum
to the left midclavicular line
,The heart extends from the second intercostal space to the fifth intercostal space and from the right
border of the sternum to the left midclavicular line. It is not located between the right midclavicular line
and the right border of the sternum and below the clavicle to the eighth rib. It lies anteriorly between
the sternum and the anterior mediastinum. The space between the third to the sixth intercostal spaces
at the left sternal border is the tricuspid region of the heart. This region is auscultated to listen to the
heart sounds. The aortic region of the heart is located between the first and the fourth intercostal
spaces.
p. 452
Which term describes the thin layer of endothelial tissue that lines the inner surface of the heart and the
valves?
Myocardium
Epicardium
Endocardium
Pericardium - Answer Endocardium
The endocardium is the thin layer of endothelial tissue that lines the inner surface of the heart chambers
and the valves. The myocardium is the muscular wall of the heart; it does the pumping. The visceral
pericardium, which is continuous with the serous layer, is sometimes known as the epicardium. The
pericardium is a tough, fibrous, double-walled sac that surrounds and protects the heart and has two
layers.
p. 452
Which heart sound occurs because of the closure of the semilunar valves?
First heart sound (S 1)
Second heart sound (S 2)
Third heart sound (S 3)
Fourth heart sound (S 4) - Answer Second heart sound (S 2)
,The second heart sound (S 2) occurs with the closure of the semilunar valves, and it indicates the end of
systole. The first heart sound (S 1) occurs with the closure of the atrioventricular valves and indicates the
beginning of systole. The third heart sound (S 3) occurs because of the filling of the ventricles with blood.
The fourth heart sound (S 4) is heard at the end of diastole and occurs when the atria contract and push
the blood into the noncompliant ventricle.
p. 452
Which description of semilunar valves is correct?
Intra-arterial valves
Closed during the ventricular systole
Lie between the ventricles and the great vessels
Also called the tricuspid and the mitral valves - Answer Lie between the ventricles and the great vessels
The semilunar valves are set between the ventricles and the arteries. Each valve has three cusps that
look like half-moons. The tricuspid and mitral valves are atrioventricular valves; they are different from
the semilunar valves. Semilunar valves are not Intra-arterial valves; they are present between ventricles
and arteries. No intra-atrial valves are present in any organism. During ventricular systole, the semilunar
valves open. This helps the ventricles drain the blood in the great vessels.
p. 452
Which murmur is caused by an obstruction of the flow of blood into the ventricles?
Diastolic rumble
Early diastolic
Midsystolic ejection
Pansystolic regurgitant - Answer Diastolic rumble
Diastolic rumbles occur as a result of filling of the ventricles at a low pressure because of the obstruction
of the flow of blood into the ventricles. Semilunar valve incompetence causes early diastolic murmurs.
Midsystolic ejection murmurs occur as a result of the forward flow of blood through the semilunar
valves. The backward flow of blood from the area of higher pressure to one of lower pressure causes
pansystolic regurgitant murmurs.
, p. 498
Which jugular pulse component reflects ventricular contraction?
A wave
C wave
V wave
X wave - Answer C wave
The jugular pulse, a waveform that moves backward, is caused by events upstream. The jugular pulse has
five components. The C wave occurs because of ventricular contraction. It is the backflow from the
bulging upward of the tricuspid valve when it closes at the beginning of the ventricular systole. The A
wave reflects atrial contraction. During this phase, some blood flows backward to the vena cava during
the right atrial contraction. The V wave occurs with passive atrial filling because of the increasing volume
in the right atria and increased pressure. Similarly, the X wave shows atrial relaxation, when the right
ventricle contracts during the systole and pulls the bottom of the atria downward.
p. 459
Which section of the electrocardiogram (ECG) indicates atrial depolarization?
T wave
P wave
QRS complex
ST segment - Answer P wave
An ECG records the heart's electrical activity and helps the nurse understand the functioning of the
heart. The ECG waves are arbitrarily recorded as PQRST. The P wave indicates the depolarization of the
atria. During atrial depolarization and contraction, electrodes placed on the surface of the body record a
small burst of electrical activity lasting for a fraction of a second. This is the P wave. It is a recording of
the spread of depolarization through the atrial myocardium from beginning to end. The T wave is the
positive deflection that occurs after each QRS complex. It represents ventricular repolarization. The QRS
complex represents the simultaneous activation of the right and the left ventricles. The ST segment
represents ventricular repolarization, where repolarization follows upon contraction and depolarization.
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