MBI 111 || with 100% Accurate Solutions.
carrier correct answers People with no signs or symptoms of a clinical disease, but the pathogens
are inconspicuously harbored and shed to others. Can be chronic (long term shedding) or passive
(contaminated hands or clothing)
epidemiology correct answers the study of when and where diseases occur and how they are
transmitted in populations; emphasis on disease prevention and control
Center for Disease Control correct answers CDC; studies epidemiology in America
zoonoses correct answers diseases that occur primarily in wild or domestic animals or birds that
can be transmitted to humans (ex. rabies from mammals, West Nile Virus from wild birds,
tapeworms from cattle or fish)
reservoir correct answers natural host or habitat of a pathogenic microbe, place(s) where the
pathogen normally lives and multiplies (ex. humans, animals, or non-living substances like a
desk)
Chain of Transmission Model correct answers pathogen in reservoir (portal of exit for living
reservoirs) -> mode of transmission (portal of entry) -> new susceptible host
human reservoir correct answers people with clinically recognized disease, meaning signs and
symptoms of disease are present
symptoms correct answers felt by affected person (ex. chills, pain, aches, fatigue, itching, etc.)
signs correct answers observed by a healthcare provider (ex. fever, chest sounds, skin eruptions,
white blood cell count, heart rate, etc.)
nonliving reservoirs correct answers contaminated food, water and/or soil
transmission correct answers movement of a pathogenic microbe from its reservoir to a new
potential host
direct contact transmission correct answers microbes spread by direct physical contact between
source and host with no intermediate objects involved
transmission by droplets correct answers microbes are carried in mucus droplets from sneezing
or coughing that travel less than 1 meter
trans-placental (vertical) transmission correct answers microbes from a pregnant woman's
bloodstream cross the placenta and enter the bloodstream of the fetus (ex. Zika, syphilis)
transmission by vectors correct answers vector-borne diseases
, vector correct answers a non-human, living organism capable of transmitting an infectious
disease
mechanical vector correct answers passively carry pathogens on their bodies (they are not
infected)
biological vector correct answers an arthropod in which the disease-causing organism multiplies
or develops within the arthropod prior to becoming infective for a susceptible individual
transmission by vehicle correct answers transmission by water, food, air or fomite
vehicle correct answers a non-living material capable of transmitting an infectious disease (ex.
water, food, air, or fomite)
fomite correct answers any other contaminated inanimate object (ex. bedding, toys, cell phones,
medical equipment, etc.)
prevention and control of infectious diseases involves breaking the chain of transmission at one
or more of the steps (ex. treating sick people with antimicrobial drugs breaks the chain at the
reservoir step) correct answers Why do infectious disease epidemiologists use the chain of
transmission model?
True correct answers True/False: much is still unknown regarding host susceptibility to
infectious diseases
endemic correct answers term for disease that is confined to a certain area or areas
leprosy and plague correct answers two significant infectious diseases of ancient times
leprosy correct answers a skin and nerve disease caused by Mycrobacterium leprae bacteria
tuberculoid leprosy correct answers shallow irregular skin lesions accompanied by some loss of
sensation due to damage to nerves in affected areas
lepromatous leprosy correct answers type of leprosy; disfiguring disease; significant nerve
damage occurs which can lead to serious unrecognized injuries
Hansen's Disease correct answers What is leprosy now called?
plague correct answers a complex disease that can affect multiple organs caused by Yersinia
pestis bacteria
bubonic plague correct answers yersinia pestis bacteria are transmitted from rats to humans by
rat flea bites; lymph nodes become infected, swell ('bubos'), and become necrotic (contain dead
tissue); fever, chills, headache and 15+% fatality rate
carrier correct answers People with no signs or symptoms of a clinical disease, but the pathogens
are inconspicuously harbored and shed to others. Can be chronic (long term shedding) or passive
(contaminated hands or clothing)
epidemiology correct answers the study of when and where diseases occur and how they are
transmitted in populations; emphasis on disease prevention and control
Center for Disease Control correct answers CDC; studies epidemiology in America
zoonoses correct answers diseases that occur primarily in wild or domestic animals or birds that
can be transmitted to humans (ex. rabies from mammals, West Nile Virus from wild birds,
tapeworms from cattle or fish)
reservoir correct answers natural host or habitat of a pathogenic microbe, place(s) where the
pathogen normally lives and multiplies (ex. humans, animals, or non-living substances like a
desk)
Chain of Transmission Model correct answers pathogen in reservoir (portal of exit for living
reservoirs) -> mode of transmission (portal of entry) -> new susceptible host
human reservoir correct answers people with clinically recognized disease, meaning signs and
symptoms of disease are present
symptoms correct answers felt by affected person (ex. chills, pain, aches, fatigue, itching, etc.)
signs correct answers observed by a healthcare provider (ex. fever, chest sounds, skin eruptions,
white blood cell count, heart rate, etc.)
nonliving reservoirs correct answers contaminated food, water and/or soil
transmission correct answers movement of a pathogenic microbe from its reservoir to a new
potential host
direct contact transmission correct answers microbes spread by direct physical contact between
source and host with no intermediate objects involved
transmission by droplets correct answers microbes are carried in mucus droplets from sneezing
or coughing that travel less than 1 meter
trans-placental (vertical) transmission correct answers microbes from a pregnant woman's
bloodstream cross the placenta and enter the bloodstream of the fetus (ex. Zika, syphilis)
transmission by vectors correct answers vector-borne diseases
, vector correct answers a non-human, living organism capable of transmitting an infectious
disease
mechanical vector correct answers passively carry pathogens on their bodies (they are not
infected)
biological vector correct answers an arthropod in which the disease-causing organism multiplies
or develops within the arthropod prior to becoming infective for a susceptible individual
transmission by vehicle correct answers transmission by water, food, air or fomite
vehicle correct answers a non-living material capable of transmitting an infectious disease (ex.
water, food, air, or fomite)
fomite correct answers any other contaminated inanimate object (ex. bedding, toys, cell phones,
medical equipment, etc.)
prevention and control of infectious diseases involves breaking the chain of transmission at one
or more of the steps (ex. treating sick people with antimicrobial drugs breaks the chain at the
reservoir step) correct answers Why do infectious disease epidemiologists use the chain of
transmission model?
True correct answers True/False: much is still unknown regarding host susceptibility to
infectious diseases
endemic correct answers term for disease that is confined to a certain area or areas
leprosy and plague correct answers two significant infectious diseases of ancient times
leprosy correct answers a skin and nerve disease caused by Mycrobacterium leprae bacteria
tuberculoid leprosy correct answers shallow irregular skin lesions accompanied by some loss of
sensation due to damage to nerves in affected areas
lepromatous leprosy correct answers type of leprosy; disfiguring disease; significant nerve
damage occurs which can lead to serious unrecognized injuries
Hansen's Disease correct answers What is leprosy now called?
plague correct answers a complex disease that can affect multiple organs caused by Yersinia
pestis bacteria
bubonic plague correct answers yersinia pestis bacteria are transmitted from rats to humans by
rat flea bites; lymph nodes become infected, swell ('bubos'), and become necrotic (contain dead
tissue); fever, chills, headache and 15+% fatality rate
