Industrial-O Psychology Exam 1 (CH. 1-
4) Questions with Correct Answers 2024
*Define I-O Psychology - Answer-The principles, theory, and research to the application
of psychological work setting.
*Major activities of !-O Psychologists - Answer-facilitate responses to issues and
problems involving people at work by serving as advisors and catalysts for business,
industry, labor, public, academic, community, and health organizations.
*History of the I-O field - Answer-
*Importance of research and how it relates to practice - Answer-
*Meaning and significance of multiculturalism in the workplace - Answer-
Society for Industrial and Organizational Psychology - Answer-SIOP Division 14 of APA
Fields of I-O Psychology - Answer-• Personnel psychology
• Organizational psychology • Human engineering
Personnel Psychology - Answer-Field of Psychology that addresses issues such as
recruitment, selection, training, performance, appraisal, promotion, transfer and
termination
Organizational Psychology - Answer-field that combines research from social psych and
organizational behavior and addresses the emotional and motivational side of work
Human engineering - Answer-study of the capacities and limitations of humans with
respect to a particular environment
Scientist-practitioner model - Answer-model that uses scientific tools and research in
the practice of IO psych
Wilhelm Wundt - Answer-First psychological labs in 1876
James McKeen Cattell - Answer--First to realize the importance of differences among
individuals as a way of predicting their behavior (1888)
-First mental test (1890)
Hugo Munsterberg - Answer--First to measure abilities in workers and tie those abilities
to performance.
-First IO Text Book in 1912.
,Scott and Bingham - Answer-WW1: Army Alpha and Army Beta Tests (1917)
Army Alpha & Beta Tests - Answer--Used to measure the intellectual and emotional
functioning of soldiers.
-Beta version was intended for illiterate soldiers.
Lillian Gilbreth - Answer--First Ph.D. in Industrial Psychology (1917)
-Research in time & motion studies
Elton Mayo - Answer--(1930-1964)
-Hawthorne Studies
-Human relations movement
-WWII
-Civil Rights Act of 1964 & Title VII
Human relations movement - Answer--study the behaviour of people in groups, in
particular workplace groups and other related concepts in fields such as industrial and
organizational psychology.
-Theories of motivation, Emotional world of the worker, Studies of job satisfaction
Civil Rights Act of 1964 & Title VII - Answer--outlaws discrimination based on race,
color, religion, sex, or national origin.
-Title VII specified demographic groups to be protected from employment discrimination
-2 additional protected groups added later
- ADEA (age) 1967
- ADA (disability) 1990
Present Day I-O Psychology - Answer-• In 2012, I-O psychologists represented about
4% of all APA (American Psychological Association) members
• In 2013, 45% of I-O psychologists in APA were women
• In 2012, Median salaries:
- Ph.D. in I-O psychology: $113,200
- Masters in I-O psychology: $80,750
Employment of I-O Psychologists - Answer-mostly in academics, then consulting, then
private organizations, then public organizations.
Challenges to I-O in the 21st Century - Answer-I-O needs to be:
-Relevant : study the problems of today,
not those of yesterday.
-Useful : applied subdiscipline
-Think Bigger : larger issues such as poverty, unemployment, globalization, and
workforce diversity
-Grounded in the scientific method
, Multiculturism - Answer-- Culture defined as a system in which individuals share
meaning & common ways of viewing events & objects
- Sharing of meanings & interpretations
Attraction-Selection-Attrition model - Answer--Schneider (1987)
-Hiring employees that are like the current employees
Cultural Differences - Answer-Viewing things (EX. a photo) differently due to different
up-bringings.
Cultural Mosaic - Answer--Individuals often simultaneously embrace several cultures
and subcultures.
-Chao and Moon (2005): each individual is really a composite of several interacting
cultural influences.
Importance of multiculturalism in I-O psychology - Answer-- Issues surrounding the
global economy, expatriates (a person who lives outside their native country), & the
"West vs. the Rest" mentality
- The challenge then becomes one of developing
systems (e.g., training, motivation, or reward)
"West vs. the Rest" mentality - Answer-tendency for researchers to develop theories
relevant to US situations, with less concern given to thier applicability in other countries
Hofstede - Cultural Dimensions - Answer--Power Distance
-Individualism vs. Collectivism
-Masculinity vs. Femininity
-Uncertainty Avoidance
-Long-term vs. Short-term
Power Distance - Answer--"The degree to which less powerful members of an
organization accept and expect an unequal distribution of power".
-High Power Distance:
• Centralized decision making
• Autocratic leadership
making
-Low Power Distance:
• Decentralized decision
• Participative leadership
360 Degree System - Answer-includes feedback from an employee's subordinates,
peers (colleagues), and supervisor(s), as well as a self-evaluation by the employee him
or herself.
Individualism vs. Collectivism - Answer--"The degree to which individuals are expected
to look after themselves versus remaining integrated into groups"
4) Questions with Correct Answers 2024
*Define I-O Psychology - Answer-The principles, theory, and research to the application
of psychological work setting.
*Major activities of !-O Psychologists - Answer-facilitate responses to issues and
problems involving people at work by serving as advisors and catalysts for business,
industry, labor, public, academic, community, and health organizations.
*History of the I-O field - Answer-
*Importance of research and how it relates to practice - Answer-
*Meaning and significance of multiculturalism in the workplace - Answer-
Society for Industrial and Organizational Psychology - Answer-SIOP Division 14 of APA
Fields of I-O Psychology - Answer-• Personnel psychology
• Organizational psychology • Human engineering
Personnel Psychology - Answer-Field of Psychology that addresses issues such as
recruitment, selection, training, performance, appraisal, promotion, transfer and
termination
Organizational Psychology - Answer-field that combines research from social psych and
organizational behavior and addresses the emotional and motivational side of work
Human engineering - Answer-study of the capacities and limitations of humans with
respect to a particular environment
Scientist-practitioner model - Answer-model that uses scientific tools and research in
the practice of IO psych
Wilhelm Wundt - Answer-First psychological labs in 1876
James McKeen Cattell - Answer--First to realize the importance of differences among
individuals as a way of predicting their behavior (1888)
-First mental test (1890)
Hugo Munsterberg - Answer--First to measure abilities in workers and tie those abilities
to performance.
-First IO Text Book in 1912.
,Scott and Bingham - Answer-WW1: Army Alpha and Army Beta Tests (1917)
Army Alpha & Beta Tests - Answer--Used to measure the intellectual and emotional
functioning of soldiers.
-Beta version was intended for illiterate soldiers.
Lillian Gilbreth - Answer--First Ph.D. in Industrial Psychology (1917)
-Research in time & motion studies
Elton Mayo - Answer--(1930-1964)
-Hawthorne Studies
-Human relations movement
-WWII
-Civil Rights Act of 1964 & Title VII
Human relations movement - Answer--study the behaviour of people in groups, in
particular workplace groups and other related concepts in fields such as industrial and
organizational psychology.
-Theories of motivation, Emotional world of the worker, Studies of job satisfaction
Civil Rights Act of 1964 & Title VII - Answer--outlaws discrimination based on race,
color, religion, sex, or national origin.
-Title VII specified demographic groups to be protected from employment discrimination
-2 additional protected groups added later
- ADEA (age) 1967
- ADA (disability) 1990
Present Day I-O Psychology - Answer-• In 2012, I-O psychologists represented about
4% of all APA (American Psychological Association) members
• In 2013, 45% of I-O psychologists in APA were women
• In 2012, Median salaries:
- Ph.D. in I-O psychology: $113,200
- Masters in I-O psychology: $80,750
Employment of I-O Psychologists - Answer-mostly in academics, then consulting, then
private organizations, then public organizations.
Challenges to I-O in the 21st Century - Answer-I-O needs to be:
-Relevant : study the problems of today,
not those of yesterday.
-Useful : applied subdiscipline
-Think Bigger : larger issues such as poverty, unemployment, globalization, and
workforce diversity
-Grounded in the scientific method
, Multiculturism - Answer-- Culture defined as a system in which individuals share
meaning & common ways of viewing events & objects
- Sharing of meanings & interpretations
Attraction-Selection-Attrition model - Answer--Schneider (1987)
-Hiring employees that are like the current employees
Cultural Differences - Answer-Viewing things (EX. a photo) differently due to different
up-bringings.
Cultural Mosaic - Answer--Individuals often simultaneously embrace several cultures
and subcultures.
-Chao and Moon (2005): each individual is really a composite of several interacting
cultural influences.
Importance of multiculturalism in I-O psychology - Answer-- Issues surrounding the
global economy, expatriates (a person who lives outside their native country), & the
"West vs. the Rest" mentality
- The challenge then becomes one of developing
systems (e.g., training, motivation, or reward)
"West vs. the Rest" mentality - Answer-tendency for researchers to develop theories
relevant to US situations, with less concern given to thier applicability in other countries
Hofstede - Cultural Dimensions - Answer--Power Distance
-Individualism vs. Collectivism
-Masculinity vs. Femininity
-Uncertainty Avoidance
-Long-term vs. Short-term
Power Distance - Answer--"The degree to which less powerful members of an
organization accept and expect an unequal distribution of power".
-High Power Distance:
• Centralized decision making
• Autocratic leadership
making
-Low Power Distance:
• Decentralized decision
• Participative leadership
360 Degree System - Answer-includes feedback from an employee's subordinates,
peers (colleagues), and supervisor(s), as well as a self-evaluation by the employee him
or herself.
Individualism vs. Collectivism - Answer--"The degree to which individuals are expected
to look after themselves versus remaining integrated into groups"
