Resume
Summary NUR 243 2020/21 Exam 1 Study Guide
- Cours
- Établissement
This is a comprehensive and detailed study guide on Exam 1 for Nur 243 2020/21. *Essential Study Material!!
[Montrer plus]
Vendeur
S'abonner
anyiamgeorge19
Avis reçus
Aperçu du contenu
Introduction● Drug: substance with physiologic effect on body
● Pharmacology: study of drugs & their interactions w/ living systems
● Clinical pharmacology: study of drugs in humans
● Pharmacotherapeutics (therapeutics): use of drug to diagnose, prevent illness,
and treat disease
○ Ex: prevention - birth control
● Prototype drugs → one drug that represents a group of drugs
○ New drugs compared to the prototypes
○ May be the first drug of the group
■ Ex: penicillin for antibiotics, morphine for opiods, aspirin for
NSAIDS
● Med classification
○ Prototype - drugs with similar characteristics grouped together in a class
○ Therapeutic classification - by therapeutic use (antidepressant, antibiotic,
antihypertensive
○ Chemical name - chemical makeup (b- lactam antibiotics, benzodiazepine)
○ Mechanism of action/ pharmacological classification - how drug produces
its physiological effect in the body
■ Receptor target: agonist, antagonist (angiotensin II receptor
antagonist)
■ Enzyme target: activate or inhibit (NSAID, PPI, ACE)
○ Mode of action: common cellular mode of action (diuretics, cholinergic)
● Most important properties of an ideal drug
○ Efficacy - most important property, how well it works
○ Safety - drug cannot produce harmful effects
○ Selectivity - elicits only the response it is given (never 100%)
● Maximum benefit with minimum harm
○ Ideal = once a day dose, low cost
● The nurse must know
○ Appropriate meds for patients
○ Contraindicated meds
○ Probably consequences of drug interactions
● Role as advocate
○ Last line of defense for PT
○ If pharmacists make a mistake - nurse gets in trouble
○ Ethically and legally responsible
■ Must know what drug is for, and why
■ If it can harm the pt, do not give!!
,● 6 rights - prevents med errors
○ Right drug
○ Right dose
○ Right time
○ Right patient
○ Right assessment
○ Right documentation
○ Right evaluation
○ Right patient education
○ Right of patient to refuse care
● Implementing non drug measures
○ Drug therapy can often be enhanced by non drug measures
○ These include biofeedback, emotional support, smoking cessation, sodium
restriction, and so on
● Stages of new drug development
○ Preclinical testing → done on animals
○ Clinical testing
■ Phase I: well population
● Done on a healthy population
● Dosage, excretion, metabolism
■ Phase II (small sample w/ disorder) and III (large sample w/
disorder)
■ Phase IV: post marketing surveillance
● Drugs gets released by FDA
● Adverse effects can be uncovered here
● Drugs can be removed from market
● Drug Names
○ 3 types → chemical name, generic name, trade name
■ Ex: generic name → acetaminophen, trade name → tylenol
○ Use generic name
● OTC drugs
○ 60% of all doses administered
○ Problems w/ misuse and abuse
■ Not taken as instructed
■ People think the more = the better
○ Over 10,000 otc drugs
○ Can wreak havoc due to drug - drug interactions
● Drug schedules
○ schedule I: high abuse, no medical use
■ Heroin
○ schedule II: high abuse, medically indicated
■ Morphine
○ schedule III: ex → hydrocodone w/ acetaminophen
, ○ Schedule IV: low to moderate abuse
■ Benzodiazepines
○ Schedule V: very low potential for abuse
■ Low dose codeine
Pharmacokinetics
● Movement of drugs throughout the body
● Absorption
○ Site of administration → blood
○ 5 major factors that affect absorption:
■ Lipid solubility → more lipid soluble, the faster
■ Route of administration
■ Dosage
■ Surface area → greater the SA, faster absorbed
■ Rate of dissolution → rate at which a solid becomes a liquid
○ Diffusion through plasma membrane -
■ Simple diffusion
■ Carrier-mediated facilitated diffusion
■ Channel-mediated facilitated diffusion
■ Osmosis
○ Routes of Drug administration
■ Enteral → through stomach
■ Parenteral → IV, IM, SC
■ sublingual/buccal → fast absorption
■ Inhaled → fast absorption
■ sublingual/buccal and lungs avoid first pass effect, creates a
greater concentration of drug
● Distribution
○ Blood flow to tissues
○ Exiting the blood, entering the cells
○ Bioavailability: the fraction of a drug dose of unchanged drug that
reaches systemic circulation
■ Ex → bioavailability of an IV med = 100% (no barrier to absorption)
○ Blood brain barrier
■ Tight junctions between cells
■ Drugs must pass through the cells
■ Only lipid soluble drugs or drugs w/ a transport system can go
through
○ Protein binding
■ Drugs can form reversible bonds w/ various proteins
■ Albumin is most abundant protein
● Manufactured in liver
● Many drugs bind to it
● Affects drug distribution
● Does not go through metabolism
Les avantages d'acheter des résumés chez Stuvia:
Qualité garantie par les avis des clients
Les clients de Stuvia ont évalués plus de 700 000 résumés. C'est comme ça que vous savez que vous achetez les meilleurs documents.
L’achat facile et rapide
Vous pouvez payer rapidement avec iDeal, carte de crédit ou Stuvia-crédit pour les résumés. Il n'y a pas d'adhésion nécessaire.
Focus sur l’essentiel
Vos camarades écrivent eux-mêmes les notes d’étude, c’est pourquoi les documents sont toujours fiables et à jour. Cela garantit que vous arrivez rapidement au coeur du matériel.
Foire aux questions
Qu'est-ce que j'obtiens en achetant ce document ?
Vous obtenez un PDF, disponible immédiatement après votre achat. Le document acheté est accessible à tout moment, n'importe où et indéfiniment via votre profil.
Garantie de remboursement : comment ça marche ?
Notre garantie de satisfaction garantit que vous trouverez toujours un document d'étude qui vous convient. Vous remplissez un formulaire et notre équipe du service client s'occupe du reste.
Auprès de qui est-ce que j'achète ce résumé ?
Stuvia est une place de marché. Alors, vous n'achetez donc pas ce document chez nous, mais auprès du vendeur anyiamgeorge19. Stuvia facilite les paiements au vendeur.
Est-ce que j'aurai un abonnement?
Non, vous n'achetez ce résumé que pour €11,68. Vous n'êtes lié à rien après votre achat.
Peut-on faire confiance à Stuvia ?
4.6 étoiles sur Google & Trustpilot (+1000 avis)
80467 résumés ont été vendus ces 30 derniers jours
Fondée en 2010, la référence pour acheter des résumés depuis déjà 14 ans