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Philosophy 25a UC Berkeley Final Questions with correct answers
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Philosophy 25a UC Berkeley Final Questions withcorrect answers
What is it to be a principle (archê)? Correct Answer-To be a principle is
to be the basis for something, it explains or ontologically supports but is
not itself supported or explained.
What makes the questions of ancient philosophers "philosophical"
questions? Correct Answer-These questions are reasoned, systematic
and naturalistic questions. The ancient philosophers concerned
themselves with philosophic questions in that their methods of inquiry
aim at critical engagement with knowledge, metaphysics, and the
conditions for the possibility of either. The history of philosophy is not
only a history of answers to philosophical questions, it is also a history
of the actual discovery of these philosophical questions. We can think of
philosophy questions and answers as being a network of interconnected
tree branches.
What is the ancient Greek notion of "Kosmos?" Correct Answer-The
ordered world. It means the order in nature, things that are out there in a
certain order. Order defined as "beautiful," regular and law-governed.
What distinguishes the first philosophers in Ancient Greece from
previous non-philosophical (mythical) accounts of the world? Correct
Answer-1. Knowledge for its own sake
2. Intrinsic value vs. instrumental desire for knowledge
3. Philosophers attempted to use their own powers of intellect to explain
phenomena
, 4. Philosophers appealed to their reason (as opposed to appealing to the
gods) to justify their claims
5. The first philosophers used mathematical principles as evidence in
their accounts
What is material monism? Who were its most popular early proponents?
Correct Answer-There is only one "archê" which essentially is matter.
Everything comes from and perishes back into the archê, the matter. The
matter persists through all change and transformation. There is nothing
other than the substance of matter. Three proponents of this position
were Thales, Anaximander and Anaximenes.
In which way is Heraclitus' theory of "logos" different from the claims
of the material monists? Is he even interested in the same questions as
the material monists? Correct Answer-"Logos" is to give an account,
logos IS the account. It is a rational account, a picture of sorts, and the
divine law which underlies everything. Heraclitus wanted to give
account of HOW what there is came to be (in accordance with logos).
Material monists, by contrast, attempt to give an account of "what there
is." The theory of logos is also different in that it embraces contradiction
as a component of rationality, and that the world is eternal and eternally
changing. Heraclitus was concerned with questions concerning the
physical world and also questions regarding the nature of the soul,
human condition and knowledge.
Some other key points about logos:
(A) logos is 'common,' not 'private' (or subjectively possessed)
(B) this was the first time a philosopher made claims about rationality
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