Campbell Biology Chapter 22 Test Preparation Exam 2024 100% Correct!!
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Campbell Biology
Which of the following statements best describes theories?
A) They are nearly the same things as hypotheses.
B) They are supported by, and make sense of, many observations.
C) They cannot be tested because the described events occurred only once.
D) They are predictions of future events. - ...
Campbell Biology Chapter 22 Test
Preparation Exam 2024 100% Correct!!
Which of the following statements best describes theories?
A) They are nearly the same things as hypotheses.
B) They are supported by, and make sense of, many observations.
C) They cannot be tested because the described events occurred only once.
D) They are predictions of future events. - ANSWER B) They are supported by, and make sense of,
many observations.
Catastrophism, meaning the regular occurrence of geological or meteorological disturbances
(catastrophes), was Cuvier's attempt to explain the existence of
A) evolution.
B) the fossil record.
C) uniformitarianism.
D) the origin of new species.
E) natural selection. - ANSWER B) the fossil record.
With what other idea of his time was Cuvier's theory of catastrophism most in conflict?
A) gradualism
B) the fixity of species
C) island biogeography
D) uniformitarianism
E) the scala naturae - ANSWER D) uniformitarianism
What was the prevailing belief prior to the time of Lyell and Darwin?
A) Earth is a few thousand years old, and populations are unchanging.
B) Earth is a few thousand years old, and populations gradually change.
C) Earth is millions of years old, and populations rapidly change.
D) Earth is millions of years old, and populations are unchanging.
,E) Earth is millions of years old, and populations gradually change. - ANSWER A) Earth is a few
thousand years old, and populations are unchanging.
During a study session about evolution, one of your fellow students remarks, "The giraffe stretched
its neck while reaching for higher leaves; its offspring inherited longer necks as a result." Which
statement is most likely to be helpful in correcting this student's misconception?
A) Characteristics acquired during an organism's life are generally not passed on through genes.
B) Spontaneous mutations can result in the appearance of new traits.
C) Only favorable adaptations have survival value.
D) Disuse of an organ may lead to its eventual disappearance.
E) If the giraffes did not have to compete with each other, longer necks would not have been passed
on to the next generation. - ANSWER A) Characteristics acquired during an organism's life are
generally not passed on through genes.
Natural selection is based on all of the following except
A) genetic variation exists within populations.
B) the best-adapted individuals tend to leave the most offspring.
C) individuals who survive longer tend to leave more offspring than those who die young.
D) populations tend to produce more individuals than the environment can support.
E) individuals adapt to their environments and, thereby, evolve. - ANSWER E) individuals adapt to
their environments and, thereby, evolve.
Which of the following represents an idea that Darwin learned from the writings of Thomas
Malthus?
A) Technological innovation in agricultural practices will permit exponential growth of the human
population into the foreseeable future.
B) Populations tend to increase at a faster rate than their food supply normally allows.
C) Earth changed over the years through a series of catastrophic upheavals.
D) The environment is responsible for natural selection.
E) Earth is more than 10,000 years old. - ANSWER B) Populations tend to increase at a faster rate
than their food supply normally allows.
Given a population that contains genetic variation, what is the correct sequence of the following
events, under the influence of natural selection?
, 1. Well-adapted individuals leave more offspring than do poorly adapted individuals.
2. A change occurs in the environment.
3. Genetic frequencies within the population change.
4. Poorly adapted individuals have decreased survivorship.
A) 2 → 4 → 1 → 3
B) 4 → 2 → 1 → 3
C) 4 → 1 → 2 → 3
D) 4 → 2 → 3 → 1
E) 2 → 4 → 3 → 1 - ANSWER A) 2 → 4 → 1 → 3
A biologist studied a population of squirrels for 15 years. During that time, the population was never
fewer than 30 squirrels and never more than 45. Her data showed that over half of the squirrels born
did not survive to reproduce, because of both competition for food and predation. In a single
generation, 90% of the squirrels that were born lived to reproduce, and the population increased to
80. Which inference(s) about this population might be true?
A) The amount of available food may have increased.
B) The parental generation of squirrels developed better eyesight due to improved diet; the
subsequent squirrel generation inherited better eyesight.
C) The squirrels of subsequent generations should show greater levels of genetic variation than
previous generations, because squirrels that would not have survived in the past will now survive.
D) Three of the statements above are correct.
E) Two of the statements - ANSWER E) Two of the statements above are correct.
Which of the following is the most accurate summary of Cuvier's consideration of fossils found in the
vicinity of Paris?
A) extinction of species yes; evolution of new species yes
B) extinction of species no; evolution of new species yes
C) extinction of species yes; evolution of new species no
D) extinction of species no; evolution of new species yes - ANSWER C) extinction of species yes;
evolution of new species no
In the mid-1900s, the Soviet geneticist Lysenko believed that his winter wheat plants, exposed to
ever-colder temperatures, would eventually give rise to ever more cold-tolerant winter wheat.
Lysenko's attempts in this regard were most in agreement with the ideas of
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