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EASC 101 - Final Exam || very Flawless.

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  • EASC 101 -
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  • EASC 101 -

Sedimentary Environment are... correct answers geographic settings where sediments accumulate to form rocks assemblages Sedimentary Facies correct answers changes in past environments, seen when a single layer of sedimentary rock is traced laterally High energy environment examples correct an...

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  • 26 septembre 2024
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EASC 101 - Final Exam || very Flawless.
Sedimentary Environment are... correct answers geographic settings where sediments accumulate
to form rocks assemblages

Sedimentary Facies correct answers changes in past environments, seen when a single layer of
sedimentary rock is traced laterally

High energy environment examples correct answers Waves, currents, deserts, fluvial
environments, alluvial fans, beaches, reefs, glacial environments

The key is movement (fast-flowing water)

High energy environment products correct answers Larger grain sizes, well-sorted to poor-sorted
depending on transportation

Rounded grains, except for alluvial fans

Low energy environment examples correct answers Lagoons, lakes, abyssal plains, swamps

The key is minimal movement (still waters)

Low energy environment products correct answers Small grain sizes, well-sorted, high mud
content

Strata correct answers Horizontal layers of sediment

Metamorphism correct answers Alteration of rock due to changes in physical or chemical
environments

Changes in in mineralogy and texture occur

Low vs High grade correct answers Low grade means minimal changes, high grade means
substantial change

Agents to Metamorphism correct answers Heat (provides energy for chemical reactions),
pressure (increases with depth, can be confining (equal in all directions) or differential (not
equal) pressure)

Foliated correct answers Metamorphic texture that includes planar (nearly flat) arrangements of
mineral grains or structural features in a rock

These minerals rotate or recrystallize with a preferred orientation, and are perpendicular to the
direction of differential pressure

,Non-Foliated correct answers Metamorphic texture for rocks with interlocking crystals

Metamorphic Environments correct answers 1) Contact or thermal metamorphism (rock intruded
my magma/heat)

2) Hydrothermal metamorphism (hot fluids circulating through rock cracks)

3) Burial metamorphism (huge amounts of sediment accumulating in a basin)

4) Subduction zone metamorphism (rock + sediment carried to great depths, ex. oceanic plate)

5) Regional metamorphism (common type of metamorphism, associated with mountain building)

Metamorphism along fault zones may produce a loosely coherent rock called... correct answers
Fault Breccia

Rocks modified or produced by impact is called a... correct answers Impactite

Purpose of Index minerals correct answers Establishing the metamorphic grade of a rock

Examples of metamorphic facies correct answers Hornfels, zeolite, greenschist, amphibolite,
granulite, blueschist, eclogite

The Hydrologic Cycle correct answers 1) Infiltration (precipitation enters the soil)

2) Runoff (moves downslope at the surface)

3) Evapotranspiration (runoff finds its way back to the atmosphere)

Distribution of Earth's Water correct answers Global Distribution:
-96.5%: Oceans
-1%: Saline lakes/groundwater
-2.5%: Freshwater

Freshwater:
-30.1%: Groundwater
-68.6%: Glaciers and Ice sheets
-1.3%: Surface/Freshwater

Surface/Freshwater:
-2.53%: Swamps
-3.52%: Soil moisture
-20.1%: Lakes
-73.1%: Snow/Ice
-0.22%: Atmosphere
-0.22%: Biological water

, -0.46%: Rivers

Erosion correct answers (geology) tTprocess of wearing or grinding something down (as by
particles washing over it)

Drainage Basins correct answers Any area of land where precipitation collects and drains off into
a common outlet, such as into a river, bay, or other body of water.

Zones of River Systems correct answers 1) Sediment production
2) Sediment transport
3) Sediment deposition

Drainage patterns correct answers Dendritic, rectangular, radial, trellis

Laminar Flow correct answers Water moving in a straight line

Turbulent Flow correct answers Water moves erratically (whirlpools, eddies)

Flow Velocity correct answers Velocity increases in deeper parts of the channel

Factors:
-channel slope/gradient
-channel shape
-channel size and roughness
-discharge (amount of water)

Changes Downstream correct answers Changes in slope on stream profile are usually
accompanied by an increase in discharge and channel size, and a reduction in particle size

Quarrying correct answers Removal of blocks from channel bed

Abrasion correct answers Bed and banks of a bedrock channel are bombarded by particles
carried within the flow

Corrosion correct answers Gradual dissolution of rock by flowing water

Methods of sediment transportation in streams correct answers -Solutions (dissolved)
-Suspensions (suspended)
-Skipping/rolling/sliding along

Capacity correct answers Max load of solid particles a stream can transport per unit of time

Competence correct answers Stream's transportation capabilities based on size and not quantity

Stream Channel correct answers An open conduit that consists of the bed and banks that confine
flow, except during flooding

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