Mastering Nursing Fundamentals: 2024 HESI Exam Guide with
600+ Verified Questions and Answers
The Ultimate HESI Exam Prep: Mastering Nursing
Fundamentals s
1.Which nurse most likely kept records on sanitation techniques and the effects on
health?
a. Florence Nightingale
b. Mary Nutting
c. Clara Barton
d. Lillian Wald
a.Florence Nightingale
Nighting was the first practicing nurse epidemiologist. Her statistical analyses connected
poor sanitation with cholera and dysentery. Mary Nutting, Clara Barton, and Lillian Wald
came after Nightingale, each contributing to the nursing profession in her own way.
Mary Nutting was instrumental in moving nursing education into universities. Clara
Barton founded the American Red Cross. Lillian Wald helped open the Henry Street
Settlement
The nurse prescribes strategies and alternatives to attain expected outcome. Which
standard of nursing practice is the nurse following?
a. Assessment
b. Diagnosis
c. Planning
d. Implementation
c. Planning
In planning, the registered nurse develops a plan that prescribes strategies and
alternatives to attain expected outcomes. During assessment, the registered nurse
collects comprehensive data pertinent to the patient's health and/or the situation. In
,diagnosis, the registered nurse analyzes the assessment data to determine the
diagnoses or issues. During implementation, the registered nurse implements (carries
out) the identified planRead More
An experienced medical-surgical nurse chooses to work in obstetrics. Which level of
proficiency is the nurse upon initial transition to the obstetrical floor?
a. Novice
b. Proficient
c. Competent
d. Advanced beginner
a. Novice
A beginning nursing student or any nurse entering a situation in which there is no
previous level of experience (e.g., an experienced operating room nurse chooses to
now practice in home health) is an example of a novice nurse. A proficient nurse
perceives a patient's clinical situation as a whole, is able to assess an entire situation,
and can readily transfer knowledge gained from multiple previous experiences to a
situation. A competent nurse understands the organization and specific care required by
the type of patients (e.g., surgical, oncology, or orthopedic patients). This nurse is a
competent practitioner who is able to anticipate nursing care and establish long-range
goals. A nurse who has had some level of experience with the situation is an advanced
beginner. This experience may only be observational in nature, but the nurse is able to
identify meaningful aspects or principles of nursing care.
A nurse assesses a patient's fluid status and decides that the patient needs to drink
more fluids. The nurse then encourages the patient to drink more fluids. Which concept
is the nurse demonstrating?
a. Licensure
b. Autonomy
c. Certification
d. Accountability
b. Autonomy
Autonomy is an essential element of professional nursing that involves the initiation of
independent nursing interventions without medical orders. To obtain licensure in the
United States, the RN candidate must pass the NCLEX-RN®. Beyond the NCLEX-RN®,
the nurse may choose to work toward certification in a specific area of nursing practice.
Accountability means that you are responsible, professionally and legally, for the type
and quality of nursing care provided.
,5. A nurse prepares the budget and policies for an intensive care unit. Which role is the
nurse implementing?
a. Educator
b. Manager
c. Advocate
d. Caregiver
b. Manager
A manager coordinates the activities of members of the nursing staff in delivering
nursing care and has personnel, policy, and budgetary responsibility for a specific
nursing unit or facility. As an educator, you explain concepts and facts about health,
describe the reason for routine care activities, demonstrate procedures such as self-
care activities, reinforce learning or patient behavior, and evaluate the patient's progress
in learning. As a patient advocate, you protect your patient's human and legal rights and
provide assistance in asserting these rights if the need arises. As a caregiver, you help
patients maintain and regain health, manage disease and symptoms, and attain a
maximal level function and independence through the healing process.
The nurse has been working in the clinical setting for several years as an advanced
practice nurse. However, the nurse has a strong desire to pursue research and theory
development. To fulfill this desire, which program should the nurse attend?
a. Doctor of Nursing Science degree (DNSc)
b. Doctor of Philosophy degree (PhD)
c. Doctor of Nursing Practice degree (DNP)
d. Doctor in the Science of Nursing degree (DSN)
b. Doctor of Philosophy degree (PhD)
Some doctoral programs prepare nurses for more rigorous research and theory
development and award the research-oriented Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) in nursing.
Professional doctoral programs in nursing (DSN or DNSc) prepare graduates to apply
research findings to clinical nursing. The DNP is a practice doctorate that prepares
advanced practice nurses such as nurse practitioners.
A nurse attends a workshop on current nursing issues provided by the American Nurses
Association. Which type of education did the nurse receive?
a. Graduate education
, b. Inservice education
c. Continuing education
d. Registered nurse education
c. Continuing education
Continuing education involves formal, organized educational programs offered by
universities, hospitals, state nurses associations, professional nursing organizations,
and educational and health care institutions. After obtaining a baccalaureate degree in
nursing, you can pursue graduate education leading to a master's or doctoral degree in
any number of graduate fields, including nursing. Inservice education programs are
instruction or training provided by a health care facility or institution. Registered nurse
education is the education preparation for an individual intending to be an RN.
A nurse identifies gaps between local and best practices. Which Quality and Safety
Education for Nurses (QSEN) competency is the nurse demonstrating?
a. Safety
b. Patient-centered care
c. Quality improvement
d. Teamwork and collaboration
c. Quality improvement
Quality improvement identifies gaps between local and best practices. Safety minimizes
risk of harm to patients and providers through both system effectiveness and individual
performance. Patient-centered care recognizes the patient or designee as the source of
control and full partner in providing compassionate and coordinated care based on
respect for patient's preferences, values, and needs. Teamwork and collaboration
allows effective functioning within nursing and interprofessional teams, fostering open
communication, mutual respect, and shared decision making.
A nurse has compassion fatigue. What is the nurse experiencing?
a. Lateral violence and intrapersonal conflict
b. Burnout and secondary traumatic stress
c. Short-term grief and single stressor
d. Physical and mental exhaustion
