nekton correct answers large strong swimming organisms living in pelagic zone
mostly carnivores (eat plankton, nekton, some eat seaweed)
nekton that eat plankton are called correct answers planktivorous
5 things that having a backbone allows correct answers 1. distinct head and tail
2. atta...
EOSC 315 Final || with 100% Verified Solutions.
nekton correct answers large strong swimming organisms living in pelagic zone
mostly carnivores (eat plankton, nekton, some eat seaweed)
nekton that eat plankton are called correct answers planktivorous
5 things that having a backbone allows correct answers 1. distinct head and tail
2. attachment of muscles
3. strong structure (skeleton)
4. speed and manoeuvrability
5. different body forms
T or F - fish are vertebrates correct answers True (have backbone)
myomeres correct answers bands of muscle that run along the sides of a fish's body
produce the contractions that propel the body during swimming
make up as much as 75% of a fish's body weight.
fish are usually _____ blooded correct answers cold
when did fish first appear in fossil records (on our timeline of Earth) correct answers 500 mya
mid November
3 groups of fish evolution (which two came from the same ancestor?) correct answers 1. bony
fish (Osteichthyes)
2. cartilaginous fish (Chondrichthyes)
3. jawless fish (Agnatha)
bony and cartilaginous fish came from the same ancestor, jawless from a different ancestor
4 characteristics of jawless fish correct answers 1. Most primitive fish alive
2. Absence of jaws and teeth (lips used for suction and feeding)
3. Poor fin development
4. Absence of paired appendages/fins
2 types of jawless fish correct answers hagfish and lampreys
jawless fish live mainly in _______ and how do they hunt for food correct answers burrows
scavenge the benthos for food (can live very deep in water column)
jawless fish feed mainly on ... correct answers whale and fish carcasses (important decomposers)
difference between hagfish and lampreys (jawless fish) correct answers hagfish - entirely marine
lamprey - anadromous --> breed in rivers and live in ocean as adult
,Anadromous fish correct answers return from ocean to fresh water to spawn (live in marine and
freshwater environment)
sharks and rays are ______ fish correct answers cartilaginous
cartilaginous fish have a _______ buoyancy and will therefore _______ without energy
expanded correct answers negative
sink
T or F - cartilaginous fish have a swim bladder correct answers False - they do not
why must cartilaginous fish move constantly correct answers negative buoyancy --> swim to
maintain position in water column and maintain oxygen flow over gills (respiration)
have no swim bladder to help them float
exception to the always swimming rule of cartilaginous fish correct answers nurse shark - rests
on bottom
fins of cartilaginous fish correct answers Stiff, well developed pectoral fin used to generate lift
while in motion --> like an airplane
which type of fish has well developed replaceable rows of teeth correct answers cartilaginous
cartilaginous fish have a _______ oil composition (~25%). why? (2 reasons) correct answers
high
1. buoyancy
2. energy storage
2 types of egg development in cartilaginous fish correct answers 1. Oviparous - eggs hatch
outside of the body (egg case produced)
2. Ovoviviparity - embryo contained within membranous egg case --> stays in body until ready
to hatch (lives off egg yolk instead of mother)
bony fish skeleton correct answers bony skeleton allowing for muscle attachments
negatively buoyant
T or F - most bony fish have a swim bladder
why or why not? correct answers True
skeleton negatively buoyant --> swim bladder to compensate (allow precise adjustment within
the water column)
because of a swim bladder, the overall shape of bony fish is _________ correct answers not
important
allows for many different shapes depending on niche
shape of bony fish depends on _______ correct answers niche
, reproduction of bony fish correct answers Most are oviparous (eggs hatch outside of body)
broad range of reproductive habits
3 reproductive habits of bony fish correct answers 1. Simultaneous hermaphrodites (both
maleand
female organs)
2. Sequential hermaphrodites (at some point in their lifecycle switch to being of opposite gender)
3. Gonochorism (separate males and females) in most species
2 different fish lift strategies to maintain themselves in a 3-D environment correct answers 1.
structure - based on motion --> lift and forward motion provided by fins and myomeres
( cartilaginous fish)
2. organ - based on gases in swim bladder --> lift provided by swim bladder, forward motion
provided by fins (bony fish)
tuna, skipjack and salmon use ______ for locomotion, ray, sun fish and parrotfish use ______
correct answers trunk and tail
fins
_____ _____ determine diet of fish correct answers mouth part
aspect ratio of caudal fins correct answers fin height/ fin area
high aspect ratio of caudal fin = ______ maneuverability and _______ propulsion correct
answers decreasing
increasing
greater fin height and lower fin area causes a ______ aspect ratio correct answers high
rounded fin has a _____ aspect ratio, forked fin has a _______ aspect ratio correct answers low
high
O2 solubility in water is ______ meaning fish have to work hard to extract O2 from water
correct answers low
fish use _______ to carry and store O2 correct answers red blood cells with haemoglobin
why is it more efficient to carry O2 with hgb than plasma correct answers the affinity of
haemoglobin for O2 is a lot higher
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