SFL 331 Final Exam | Answered with complete solutions
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SFL 331
SFL 331 Final Exam | Answered with complete solutions As the discipline of child development emerged in the United States during the twentieth century child research institutes were established at a number of prominent universities. Which of these pioneers in child development minimized the impor...
As the discipline of child development emerged in the United States during the twentieth
century
child research institutes were established at a number of prominent universities.
Which of these pioneers in child development minimized the importance of innate
biological factors and maturation while asserting a primary role for experience?
John B. Watson and Luther Emmett
All of the following were themes of development discussed in the text except
whether development is a closed or open system.
Which pioneer in child development is most likely to have uttered this statement? "The
best thing that parents can do is to follow their child's own natural impulses and rich
imagination."
G. Stanley Hall
All of the following statements are correct except
the first Mexican American families and families of Spanish descent came to the United
States in the early twentieth century.
Which of the following best reflects current thinking about the influence of the
environment on infants' development?
Environmental influences can be both direct and indirect, involving environments in
which infants never spend any time.
For Puritans in the New World, which statement appears to reflect their views about
infants?
"They are innocent vipers, ignorant but inherently sinful."
In the early and mid-twentieth century, changes in societal attitudes toward children and
their development
supported the passage of the Social Security Act.
James Mark Baldwin's inclusion of research on animals in his studies of the
development of human infants' hand preference reflected
the influence of theories of evolution on studies of human behavior and development.
As an increasingly romantic view of childhood emerged in the United States during the
nineteenth century
mothers' role as moral guardian was emphasized.
,In medieval Europe, a new form of infant abandonment was introduced, in which an
infant or very young child was permanently "donated" to a monastery. This practice was
known as
oblation.
In the early nineteenth century United States, the widely held belief that children as
young as 18 months could and should be educated was known as the
infant school movement.
All of the following statements support the notion that nature and nurture work together
except
all infants who inherit a gene for a disease develop that disease, regardless of
differences in their nutrition and caregiving experience
All of the following are reasons cited in the text to study infants except
the effects of adversity that occurs before the age of three are less permanent than
adversity that occurs at later ages.
In ancient Greece and Rome, the concept of citizenship included
producing healthy offspring to serve the state.
Which of the following discoveries is most closely related to the Human Genome
Project?
Dietary regulation can alter the effects of phenylketonuria (PKU).
Which person is best known for studying "little Albert"?
John B. Watson
Which person first became aware of child psychology while studying in Germany and
has been described as having done more than any other founder to develop child
psychology?
G. Stanley Hall
Which answer would John B. Watson most likely have given as his reason for choosing
to study infants?
"I think that later behavior and personality are simply the result of emotional responses
that are conditioned early in life."
According to the chronology shown in table 1-1 in your textbook, in what order did these
events occur?
Inoculation for smallpox is introduced, pediatrics emerges as a medical specialty, the
polio vaccine is developed, the first "test-tube" baby is born.
When a research team selected participants for a study of mother-infant play, they
chose a socioeconomically and racially/ethnically diverse sample. By doing this, the
researchers will increase their study's
, external validity.
A study that compared developmental outcomes between infants reared in intact
families and infants reared in an orphanage is an example of which research
methodology?
quasi-experimental design
When researchers study the same sample over a long period of time, as was done in a
number of longitudinal studies that were launched in the 1920s and 1930s, their results
may be limited by all of the following phenomena except
lack of continuity.
All of the following describe microgenetic research designs except
they are ideal for showing long-term effects of interventions.
When infants look longer at "impossible" events than at "possible" events
some researchers believe that infants are displaying surprise.
Why do researchers use random assignment to place participants into one of two or
more groups?
to randomly distribute the presence of potentially influential differences between groups
and increase the chance of drawing a causal inference
All of the following statements comparing naturalistic and laboratory studies are true
except
laboratory studies are less ideal for investigating behaviors that occur infrequently in
everyday settings.
Which of the following statements best describes a common challenge to studying
infants?
Infants change behavioral states rapidly.
It is important for researchers to have a clear verbal description of behaviors of interest
so that they can be measured accurately. This description is known as a(n)
operational definition.
"An observational study that follows a sample of 95 infants at 3-, 6-, 9- and 12-months
of age to examine the emergence of emotional regulation."
This is an example of what type of research design?
Longitudinal
"An observational study that follows a sample of 95 infants at 3-, 6-, 9- and 12-months
of age to examine the emergence of emotional regulation."
What is one of the strengths of this particular research method?
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