Resume
NUR 181 Chapter 12 Summary
- Cours
- Établissement
- Book
Chapter 12: Stress and Adaptation - Physical Examination & Health Assessment. *Essential Study Material!!
[Montrer plus]
Livre connecté
Titre de l’ouvrage:
Auteur(s):
- Édition:
- ISBN:
- Édition:
Vendeur
S'abonner
anyiamgeorge19
Avis reçus
Aperçu du contenu
Chapter 12: Stress and AdaptationI. WHAT IS STRESS
A. Stress: disturbance in a person’s normal balanced state
B. Stressor: a stimulus that the person perceives as a challenge or threat; initiates physical or
emotional response
C. Coping responses: voluntary/involuntary responses aimed at restoring equilibrium
D. Adaptations: changes that take place as a result of stress or coping
E. Homeostasis: maintained external and internal equilibrium
F. *stress is not always bad, can keep you motivated
G. TYPES OF STRESSORS
1. Distress/Eustress
a) Distress:threatens health
b) Eustress: protective
2. External/Internal
a) External: death of a family member, excessive heat
b) Internal: anxiety, diseases
3. Developmental/Situational
a) Developmental: can be predicted to occur; easier to cope with
(1) Ex. leaving home, starting new job
b) Situational: unpredictable
(1) Ex. car crash, illness
4. Physiological/Psychosocial
a) Physiological stressors: affect body structure or function
b) Psychosocial stressors: external stressors that arise from work, family
dynamics, living situation, etc
II. HOW DO COPING AND ADAPTATION RELATE TO STRESS?
A. Coping strategies: thinking processes and behaviots a person uses to manage stressors
1. I.e problem solving, daydreaming, making lifestyle changes
B. Adaptive coping (effective): making healthy choices that reduce the negative effects of
stress
C. Maladaptive coping (ineffective): does not promote adaption
1. Overeating, overworking, oversleeping, substance abuse
D. THREE APPROACHES TO COPING
1. Altering the Stressor: person takes actions to remove or change the stressor
2. Adapting to Stressor: changing thoughts/behaviors on stressor
3. Avoiding the Stressor: can be both toxic and healthy
a) Toxic: avoiding to get a lump checked out
b) Healthy: leaving a person that causes too much stress
E. OUTCOME OF STRESS
1. Stress results in adaption or disease
2. Outcome depends on balance btwn strength of stressors and effectivemess of the
coping method
F. PERSONAL FACTORS INFLUENCE ADAPTATION
1. Adaptation occurs when a person has supports and coping abilities adequeate to
, enable him to deal with the stessor
2. Perception of the Stressor
a) Realistic or exaggerated
b) I.e having a mastectomy: woman a “i am more than just a breast” vs
woman b “ i will be so ugly, i wont be a woman”
3. Overall Health Status
a) Being an already healthy person helps you cope with new health issues
4. Support System
a) May include freinds, family, counseling groups, church grous or other
like minded people who share common interests
5. Hardiness
a) People who thrive despite overwhelming stressors -> “hardiness”
6. Other Personal Factors
a) Age, developmental level, life experiences
III. HOW DO PEOPLE RESPOND TO STRESSORS
A. General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS) (initiated by pituitary gland)
1. Alarm stage “Fight or Flight”
a) Shock phase: cerebral cortex first perceives a stressor and sends out
messages to activate endocrine and sympathetic nervous systems.
Epinephrine (adrenaline) and various other hormones prepare the body
for fight or flight.
b) Countershock phase: all the changes produced by the shock phase are
reversed and the person becomes less able to deal with immediate threat
c) Increased blood volume, blood glucose, epinephrine/norepinephrine
amounts, heart rate, blood flow to muscles, oxygen intake and mental
alertness
d) Pupils of the eyes dilate to produce greater visual field
2. Resistance Stage
a) the body stabilizes and responds in an opposite manner to the alarm
reaction. Hormone levels, heart rate, blood pressure, and cardiac output
return to normal, and the body repairs any damage that may have
occurred. However, if the stressor remains, and there is no adaptation, the
person enters the third stage, exhaustion.
3. Exhaustion Stage
a) occurs when the body can no longer resist the effects of the stressor and
when the energy necessary to maintain adaptation is depleted. The
physiological response is intensified, but the person's energy level is
compromised, and adaptation to the stressor diminishes. The body is
unable to defend itself against the impact of the event, physiological
regulation diminishes, and, if the stress continues, death may result
B. Local Adaptation Syndrome (LAS)
1. Localized body response; involves only a specific body part, tissue or organ.
2. Reflex Pain Response
a) Withdrawing from source of pain (i.e hot stove)
Les avantages d'acheter des résumés chez Stuvia:
Qualité garantie par les avis des clients
Les clients de Stuvia ont évalués plus de 700 000 résumés. C'est comme ça que vous savez que vous achetez les meilleurs documents.
L’achat facile et rapide
Vous pouvez payer rapidement avec iDeal, carte de crédit ou Stuvia-crédit pour les résumés. Il n'y a pas d'adhésion nécessaire.
Focus sur l’essentiel
Vos camarades écrivent eux-mêmes les notes d’étude, c’est pourquoi les documents sont toujours fiables et à jour. Cela garantit que vous arrivez rapidement au coeur du matériel.
Foire aux questions
Qu'est-ce que j'obtiens en achetant ce document ?
Vous obtenez un PDF, disponible immédiatement après votre achat. Le document acheté est accessible à tout moment, n'importe où et indéfiniment via votre profil.
Garantie de remboursement : comment ça marche ?
Notre garantie de satisfaction garantit que vous trouverez toujours un document d'étude qui vous convient. Vous remplissez un formulaire et notre équipe du service client s'occupe du reste.
Auprès de qui est-ce que j'achète ce résumé ?
Stuvia est une place de marché. Alors, vous n'achetez donc pas ce document chez nous, mais auprès du vendeur anyiamgeorge19. Stuvia facilite les paiements au vendeur.
Est-ce que j'aurai un abonnement?
Non, vous n'achetez ce résumé que pour €11,09. Vous n'êtes lié à rien après votre achat.
Peut-on faire confiance à Stuvia ?
4.6 étoiles sur Google & Trustpilot (+1000 avis)
69052 résumés ont été vendus ces 30 derniers jours
Fondée en 2010, la référence pour acheter des résumés depuis déjà 15 ans