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Exam 4: BSC2086/ BSC 2086 (Latest 2024/ 2025 Update) Anatomy and Physiology II Complete Guide | Qs & As| 100% Correct| Grade A (Verified Answers)
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Exam 4: BSC2086/ BSC 2086 (Latest 2024/ 2025 Update) Anatomy and Physiology II Complete Guide | Qs & As| 100% Correct| Grade A (Verified Answers)
Q: Plicae circulares
Answer:
folds of the small intestine wall
Q: The Submucosa
Answer:
•Is a layer of dense irregular connective tis...
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Publié le
15 octobre 2024
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1. Examen - Exam 4: bsc2086/ bsc 2086 (latest 2024/ 2025 update) anatomy and physiology ii comple...
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Exam 3,Exam 4 & Final Exams: BSC2086/ BSC 2086 (Latest 2024/ 2025 Updates STUDY BUNDLE PACKAGE WITH SOLUTIONS) Anatomy and Physiology II | Qs & As| 100% Correct| Grade A (Verified Answers)
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1. Examen - Exam 4: bsc2086/ bsc 2086 (latest 2024/ 2025 update) anatomy and physiology ii comple...
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Examl4:lBSC2086/lBSCl2086lAnatomylandl
PhysiologylIIlCompletelGuidel|lQsl&lAs|l
100%lCorrect|lGradelAl(VerifiedlAnswers)
Q:lPlicaelcirculares
Answer:
foldsloflthelsmalllintestinelwall
Q:lThelSubmucosa
Answer:
•Islallayerlofldenselirregularlconnectiveltissue
•Surroundslmuscularislmucosae,lbindslitltolthelmuscularislexterna
•Hasllargelbloodlvesselslandllymphaticlvessels
•Maylcontainlexocrinelglands:lsecretelbufferslandlenzymeslintoldigestiveltract
•SubmucosallPlexus
Q:lSubmucosallPlexus
Answer:
•AlsolcalledlMeissner'slplexus
•Intrinsiclnervelfiberslthatlinnervateslthelmucosalandlsubmucosa
•Containslsensorylneurons,lparasympatheticlganglioniclneurons,landlsympatheticlpostganglionic
lfibers
Q:lThelMuscularislExterna
Answer:
•Isldominatedlbylsmoothlmusclelcells:linnerlcircularllayerlandlouterllongitudinalllayer
•Involvedlinlmechanicallprocessinglandlmovementloflmaterialslalongldigestiveltract
•Movementslcoordinatedlbylentericlnervouslsysteml(ENS)
Q:lEntericlnervouslsysteml(ENS)
Answer:
,•Coordinateslmovementloflmuscularislexternalofltheldigestiveltract
•InnervatedlprimarilylbylparasympatheticldivisionloflANS
Q:lMyentericlplexus
Answer:
•Locatedlbetweenlcircularlandllongitudinalllayers
•Parasympatheticlstimulationlincreaseslmuscleltone/activity
•Sympatheticlstimulationlcauseslmuscularlinhibition/relaxation
Q:lThelSerosa
Answer:
•Serouslmembranelcoveringlmuscularislexternal(exceptlinlorallcavity,lpharynx,lesophagus,landl
rectum)
•Whereladventitialfirmlylattachesltheldigestiveltractltoladjacentlstructures
Q:lTheladventita
Answer:
•Aldenselsheathloflcollagenlfiberslinlthelserosa
•Attachesltheldigestiveltractltoladjacentlstructures
Q:lMovementloflDigestivelMaterialslBy...
Answer:
Muscularllayerslofldigestiveltract
•Consistloflviscerallsmoothlmuscleltissuelalongldigestiveltract:lhaslrhythmiclcyclesloflactivitylc
ontrolledlbylpacesetterlcells
•Cellslundergolspontaneousldepolarization,ltriggeringlwaveloflcontractionlthroughlentirelmuscu
larlsheet
Q:lPacesetterlcells
Answer:
locatedlinlmuscularislmucosaelandlmuscularislexterna
Q:lPeristalsis
Answer:
•Consistsloflwavesloflmuscularlcontractions
,•Moveslalboluslalonglthellengthlofltheldigestiveltract
Q:lBolus
Answer:
alsmalllroundedlmassloflalsubstance,lespeciallyloflchewedlfoodlatlthelmomentloflswallowing
Q:lPeristalticlMotion
Answer:
1.lCircularlmuscleslcontractlbehindlboluslwhilelcircularlmuscleslaheadloflboluslrelax
2.lLongitudinallmuscleslaheadloflboluslcontract,lshorteningladjacentlsegments
3.lWaveloflcontractionlinlcircularlmuscles,lforceslboluslforward
Q:lSegmentation
Answer:
•Occurslinlmostlareasloflsmalllintestinelandlsomelareaslofllargelintestine
•Cyclesloflcontractionlchurnlandlfragmentlthelboluslandlmixlcontentslwithlintestinallsecretions
•Doeslnotlfollowlalsetlpatternlandldoeslnotlpushlmaterialslinlanyloneldirection
Q:lControlloflDigestivelFunctions
Answer:
locallfactors,lneurallmechanisms,landlhormonallmechanisms
Q:lLocallfactorslaffectingldigestivelfunctions
Answer:
•Prostaglandins,lhistamine,landlotherlchemicalslreleasedlintolinterstitiallfluid:lmaylaffectladjace
ntlcellslwithinlsmalllsegmentlofldigestiveltractl(ex.lhistaminelreleaselatllaminalproprialcauseslin
creaselinlstomachlacidlrelease)
•Coordinatelresponseltolchanginglconditions:lforlexample,lvariationslinllocallpH,lchemical,lorlp
hysicallstimulil(intestinelwalllstretchinglcausesllocallcontraction)
•Affectlonlylalportionlofltract
Q:lNeurallmechanismslaffectingldigestivelfunctions
Answer:
Motorlneuronsllocatedlinlmyentericlplexuslcontrol:
•Shortlreflexes
, •Longlreflexes
Q:lShortlreflexesl(ENS)
Answer:
•Responsiblelforllocallreflexes
•OperatelentirelyloutsideloflCNSlcontrol
•Controllperistalsislandlglandularlsecretionl(secretorylfunctions)
Q:lLonglreflexes
Answer:
CNSlcontrollofldigestivelandlglandularlactivitieslinvolvinglCNSlinterneuronsl&lmotorlneurons,
lmaylinvolvelparasymp.lFiberslthatlsynapselontolmyentericlplexus,lcontrolsllarge-
scalelperistalticlwaves.
Q:lHormonallmechanismslaffectingldigestivelfunctions
Answer:
•Atlleastl18lpeptidelhormoneslthatlaffectlmostlaspectslofldigestivelfunctionlandlactivitieslofloth
erlsystems
•Arelproducedlbylenteroendocrinelcellslinldigestiveltract
•Reachltargetlorganslafterldistributionlinlbloodstream
Q:lFunctionsloflthelOrallCavity
Answer:
1.lSensorylanalysisloflmateriallbeforelswallowing
2.lMechanicallprocessinglthroughlactionsloflteeth,ltongue,landlpalatallsurfaces
3.lLubricationl-lmixinglwithlmucuslandlsalivarylglandlsecretions
4.lLimitedldigestionloflcarbohydratesl(salivarylamylase)landllipidsl(lingualllipase)
Q:lThelTongue
Answer:
Manipulateslmaterialslinsidelmouth
Q:lFunctionslofltheltongue
Answer:
1.lMechanicallprocessinglbylcompression,labrasion,landldistortion