BIO 311C FINAL EXAM Questions And Already Passed Answers.
6 vues 0 fois vendu
Cours
BIO 311C
Établissement
BIO 311C
operons consist of: - Answer promoter, operator, coordinately related cluster of genes whose products function in a common pathway
are human genes organized in operons? - Answer no
responses caused by epinephrine binding to receptor - Answer --response may be relaxation of muscles th...
BIO 311C FINAL EXAM Questions And
Already Passed Answers.
operons consist of: - Answer promoter, operator, coordinately related cluster of genes whose products
function in a common pathway
are human genes organized in operons? - Answer no
responses caused by epinephrine binding to receptor - Answer --response may be relaxation of muscles
through a G-protein pathway
--other triggers contraction of muscles by opening calcium ion channels
insulin receptor is what type of receptor? - Answer tyrosine kinase
--as H+ moves down its gradient through the co-transporter, energy from that moves sucrose against its
gradient also through the co-transporter
what determines the net direction of water movement across a semi-permeable membrane? - Answer
solutes (water follows solute, moving from low solute concentration to high solute concentration)
advantages of using second messengers instead of another protein - Answer --small molecules, so
easier to make
--can diffuse around cytoplasm
2 ways bacteria can turn off tryptophan pathway? - Answer 1. end-product feedback inhibition:
tryptophan can bind to an earlier enzyme in the pathway in order to stop further production
2. gene regulation: tryptophan acts as a co-repressor and binds to inactive repressor; the now-active
repressor binds to operator to end further transcription of trp operon
,examples of keeping signal transduction pathways under control (3) - Answer --active cAMP changed to
AMP (phosphodiesterase)
--excess calcium ions cleared from cytosol
--phosphatase enzymes inactivate proteins
silent mutation - Answer (ex. could be: base substitution)
results in triplet codon that codes for same amino acid as before and would not affect functionality of
protein
by what means could a gene be active in one cell type and inactive in another? - Answer specialized
cells have different sets of control proteins to turn on only certain genes; all genes are present in every
cell, but transcription factors and activator proteins vary; also different control proteins
antiport - Answer membrane protein that transports 2 different substances in opposite directions (ex:
Na/K pump)
early arguments supporting protein as the genetic material - Answer --20 different amino acids
--great variety in shapes
--known to control cell reactions
tRNA function - Answer carries amino acids to ribosome for translation
why can't eukaryotes do coupled transcription and translation? - Answer --nucleus is barrier separating
the processes
--eukaryotes do RNA processing (splicing out introns, etc.)
aquaporin - Answer passive protein channel in which water can pass through and go into cell (faster
way for water to cross than simple diffusion, larger amounts of water can pass through)
early arguments supporting DNA as genetic material - Answer --doubles before cell replication
, --4 different nucleotides
introns - Answer noncoding segments of mRNA that are cut out
activator proteins-- binding location and effect ? - Answer --bind to enhancer (in eukaryotes) and
promoter (in prokaryotes)
--greatly increase the rate of transcription
repolarization - Answer K+ channels open, allowing efflux of K+ (down its gradient), makes outside cell
more positive and inside more negative
meaning of redundant code - Answer multiple codons can code for the same amino acid (but codons
can only code for one amino acid each)
H bonds between C and G - Answer triple bond
H bonds between A and T - Answer double bond
meaning of anti-parallel structure - Answer DNA strands run in opposite directions
structure of eukaryotic chromosomes/how is DNA arranged with histone proteins? - Answer made of
chromatin, which is DNA wrapped around histone proteins which form nucleosomes (DNA wrapped
twice around 8 histones), then further coiled in supercoils and packed into chromosome
facilitated diffusion - Answer passing through phospholipid bilayer from high to low concentration with
help of a protein (either channel- like a tunnel/pipe, or carrier- changes shape during transport)
in sucrose/H+ co-transporter, what gradient allows sucrose to enter cell against its concentration
gradient? - Answer H+ (proton) gradient;
as protons move along their gradient, the electrochemical potential difference gives off energy that is
used to move sucrose against its gradient into the cell
Les avantages d'acheter des résumés chez Stuvia:
Qualité garantie par les avis des clients
Les clients de Stuvia ont évalués plus de 700 000 résumés. C'est comme ça que vous savez que vous achetez les meilleurs documents.
L’achat facile et rapide
Vous pouvez payer rapidement avec iDeal, carte de crédit ou Stuvia-crédit pour les résumés. Il n'y a pas d'adhésion nécessaire.
Focus sur l’essentiel
Vos camarades écrivent eux-mêmes les notes d’étude, c’est pourquoi les documents sont toujours fiables et à jour. Cela garantit que vous arrivez rapidement au coeur du matériel.
Foire aux questions
Qu'est-ce que j'obtiens en achetant ce document ?
Vous obtenez un PDF, disponible immédiatement après votre achat. Le document acheté est accessible à tout moment, n'importe où et indéfiniment via votre profil.
Garantie de remboursement : comment ça marche ?
Notre garantie de satisfaction garantit que vous trouverez toujours un document d'étude qui vous convient. Vous remplissez un formulaire et notre équipe du service client s'occupe du reste.
Auprès de qui est-ce que j'achète ce résumé ?
Stuvia est une place de marché. Alors, vous n'achetez donc pas ce document chez nous, mais auprès du vendeur COCOSOLUTIONS. Stuvia facilite les paiements au vendeur.
Est-ce que j'aurai un abonnement?
Non, vous n'achetez ce résumé que pour €9,88. Vous n'êtes lié à rien après votre achat.
