PSY 200 Exam 2 Questions With 100% Correct Answers
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PSY 200 Exam 2 Questions With 100%
Correct Answers
Attention - answerProcess of focusing on specific features of the environment or on certain
thoughts or activities
What are the two types of attention - answerselective and divided
Research method for selective attention - answerdichotic liste...
PSY 200 Exam 2 Questions With 100%
Correct Answers
Attention - answer✔Process of focusing on specific features of the environment or on certain
thoughts or activities
What are the two types of attention - answer✔selective and divided
Research method for selective attention - answer✔dichotic listening
Dichotic listening process - answer✔one message is presented to the left ear and another to the
right, participant "shadows" one message to ensure they are attending to that message
Dichotic listening results - answer✔participants could not report the content of the message in
unattended ear, the unattended ear is being processed at some level
Broadbent's Filter Model - answer✔Early-selection model, filters message before incoming
information is analyzed for meaning
Broadbent's Filter Model: sensory memory - answer✔holds all incoming information for a
fraction of a second, transfers all information to the next stage
Broadbent's Filter Model: filter - answer✔identifies attended message based on physical
characteristics, only attended message is passed on to the next stage
Broadbent's Filter Model: detector - answer✔processes the information received to determine the
meaning of the message
Broadbent's Filter Model: short-term memory - answer✔receives output of detector, holds
information for 10-15 seconds and may transfer it to long-term memory
What could Broadbent's model not explain? - answer✔participant's name gets through,
participants can shadow meaningful messages that switch from one ear to another, effects of
practice on detecting information in unattended ear
Evidence for late selection - answer✔selection of stimuli for final processing may not occur until
after information has been analyzed for meaning, McKay (1973)
McKay (1973) - answer✔in attending ear, participants heard biasing words, at test participants
had to choose which was closest to the meaning of attended to message, results: meaning of the
biasing word affected participants' choice, were unaware of the presentation of the biasing words
Treisman's Attenuation Theory: intermediate-selection model - answer✔attended message can be
separated from unattended message early in the information-processing system, selection can
also occur later
Treisman's Attenuation Theory: attenuator - answer✔analyzes incoming messages in terms of
physical characteristics, language, and meaning, attended message is let through the attenuator at
full strength, unattended message is let through at a much weaker strength
Treisman's Attenuation Theory: dictionary unit - answer✔contains words, each of which have
thresholds for being activated, words that are common or important have low thresholds,
uncommon words have high thresholds
Divided attention - answer✔enables people to simultaneously do two things that were difficult at
first, Spelke et al, Schneider and Shiffrin
Spelke et al. - answer✔after hours of practice, participants could read and categorize dictated
words
Schneider and Shiffrin - answer✔divide attention between remembering target and monitoring
rapidly presented stimuli, memory set: 1-4 target characters, test frames: could contain a target
and distractors
Consistent mapping condition - answer✔target would be numbers, and distractors would be
letters, never changed. over time, participants became able to divide their attention
Automatic processing - answer✔occurs without intention and only uses some of a person's
cognitive resources
Stroop effect - answer✔automatic processing, name of the word interferes with the ability to
name the ink color, cannot avoid paying attention to the meanings of the words
Varied mapping condition (schneider and shiffrin) - answer✔rules changed from trial to trial, the
same stimulus can sometimes be a target and sometimes a distractor, over time participants never
achieved automatic processing
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