PEDS test 1 Prep Exam Questions With Multiple Choices And Verified Answers.

The nurse is preparing a 4-year-old for surgery. Which technique is most appropriate? 1 Allow the child to handle safe medical equipment. 2 Limit the teaching to one 1-hour session. 3 Explain to the child that he or she will be put to sleep for the procedure. 4 Use an anatomically correct doll to explain the procedure. - correct answer 1. The preschool-age child learns well by participating in therapeutic play, such as handling safe medical equipment. Terms such as "put to sleep" might be misinterpreted by the child. Anatomically correct dolls are not appropriate for preschool-age children. The preschool-age child benefits from several short teaching sessions. The nurse notes that a 6-month-old infant who weighed 7 pounds at birth now weighs 15 pounds. What is the nurse's evaluation of the infant's current weight? 1 The infant should be hospitalized for failure to thrive. 2 The infant needs weekly follow-up to assess weight. 3 The infant has been consuming more calories than needed. 4 The infant's weight is appropriate for age. - correct answer 4. The infant's birth weight should double by 5 to 6 months; therefore, the weight of 15 pounds is appropriate. There is no need for weekly weights in an infant who is thriving. There is no indication of failure to thrive, nor is there any indication that the child has been consuming too many calories. A 14-year-old has been diagnosed with insulin-dependent diabetes. Which technique is most appropriate in order to facilitate coping with this diagnosis? 1 Warn the teen of the consequences of noncompliance. 2 Introduce the adolescent to another teenager who is successfully managing his or her own diabetes. 3 Give the adolescent specific instructions. 4 Encourage increased dependence on parents for several weeks. - correct answer 2 The adolescent benefits from meeting teens who are successfully managing a similar diagnosis. The adolescent might not respond well to being instructed what to do. While the teen needs information related to consequences of noncompliance, this should never be in the form of a warning. In addition, this information would not facilitate coping with the diagnosis. The nurse notes that a 5-month-old has significant head lag when an attempt is made to pull the infant to a sitting position. Based on this assessment, the nurse recognizes which of the following? 1 Needs further assessment and evaluation 2 Has some degree of mental retardation 3 Is developing normally 4 Has been neglected by the parents - correct answer 1. Head lag should not be present in a 5-month-old. The nurse cannot conclude that the child has been neglected or has some degree of mental retardation based on head lag alone. The child needs further assessment and evaluation. Parallel play, the action of children playing with similar objects side-by-side, occasionally trading toys and words, is characteristic of which age of child? 1 Infant 2 Toddler 3 Preschooler 4 School age - correct answer 2. Parallel play is a characteristic of the toddler age child. This playtime with other children helps toddlers develop social skills. Infants, preschoolers, and school-age children do not exhibit parallel play. While interviewing the parents of a 2-year-old female, the nurse notes the mother is pregnant. At the end of the visit, the nurse decides to give a new pamphlet to the parents about car seat use for newborns. What is this visit an example of? 1 Developmental screening 2 Primary preventative health maintenance 3 Tertiary preventative health maintenance 4 Secondary preventative health maintenance - correct answer 2. Providing information about proper car seat use may decrease the opportunity for injury in a newborn, and is an example of primary preventative health maintenance. The secondary level of prevention is focused on diagnosis of a problem, usually medical in nature, in order to address it and make a plan of care. The tertiary level is related to restoring impaired functioning to an expected level, such as in a rehabilitation situation. This is an example of education, not developmental screening to elicit data. During a health supervision visit, the nurse is attempting to develop a partnering relationship with the child and family. Initially, the nurse should do which of the following? 1 Discuss with the family a plan to address the child's health needs 2 Set goals for the family related to the child's health 3 Tell the family what the child should be doing physically for the age level 4 Tell the family that the healthcare provider will answer any questions they might have related to their child's growth and development - correct answer 1. Discussing and developing a plan with the family will actively involve the family members and will build more trust, rather than telling them what they should do. The nurse should not set the goals without family involvement. Not all children develop each skill at the same age. Telling the family what the child should be doing can cause feelings of fear, frustration, and concern for the family if the child is not doing all of the activities listed by the nurse. Just telling the healthcare provider will not allow the nurse the opportunity to provide teaching and will not allow for the development of a trusting relationship with the family. While waiting for a physical exam from the healthcare provider, the mother of a 4-month-old female begins changing a soiled diaper. The nurse notes a reddened diaper area on the infant. Which of the following interventions would be most appropriate in this situation? 1 Say nothing, as the mother appears comfortable with diaper care. 2 Ask the mother what care she provides to the diaper area during routine diaper changes. 3 Report the red area to the healthcare provider. 4 Give the mother a pamphlet on diaper rashes as she leaves the office. - correct answer 2. Discussing the care with the mother generally provides an opportunity for the nurse to ask detailed assessment questions about the red area and to provide information on a health maintenance activity for the infant. This nonthreatening method would allow the nurse to emphasize the positive care methods being provided, which would promote confidence in the mother and a level of trust with the nurse. A "teachable moment" has presented itself during the interview stage of the health visit. The other choices do not provide an opportunity for detailed assessment and follow-up teaching by the nurse regarding the infant's red diaper area. As part of the assessment process, the pediatric nurse often utilizes a standardized tool for a developmental screening. Which nursing action is appropriate related to the use of a developmental screening tool? 1 Practice administering the screening tool. 2 Have the parent administer the screening tool. 3 Select the tool the nurse is most comfortable using. 4 Administer the part of the tool that will assess the child's problem area first. - correct answer 1. The nurse must feel comfortable administering the tool as it is directed to be used. There are certain tools that should be used depending upon the child's age and the information being sought. It is not the parent's role to administer the tool, although they may answer questions during the use of the tools. Which statement made by the grandmother of a 7-month-old infant during a health visit would indicate that more teaching regarding nutrition is needed? 1 "I don't worry if he only takes a few bites of a new food at each meal." 2 "He seems to know that it is time to eat when we put him in his high chair." 3 "I am going to make sure that this grandchild is not a picky eater. I give him whatever we are eating." 4 "He is a little young to use a spoon the right way, but I still let him try." - correct answer 3. Feeding a child whatever the family is eating is a goal for children around 12, not 7, months of age. The consumption of solid foods is still fairly new to an infant of this age, so being offered and expected to eat general table foods would not be realistic. The appropriate setting for an infant learning to self-feed is a high chair. A 15-year-old mother of a 2-month-old infant says, "My infant cries all the time. I just don't know what to do." A response by the nurse that could positively influence the infant and mother would be which of the following? 1 Encourage the mother to call the office if she gets frustrated and does not know what to do. 2 Tell the mother to make sure that the infant's blankets are loose so the infant is comfortable. 3 Teach the mother to feed the infant when the baby cries. 4 Suggest the mother give up the infant for adoption. - correct answer 1. The mother needs to be given a directive on what to do when she gets frustrated with her crying infant. When some parents get stressed, especially young parents, they might be tempted to shake or harm the infant. Suggesting adoption is an extreme response at this time. If this were going to be done, it usually would happen right after birth. Infants at this age prefer to be swaddled, not wrapped loosely. Swaddling can calm a fussy infant by providing security, bringing the hands near the mouth, and providing warmth. If the infant is crying, it is recommended that the infant be fed only if it has been 2 hours or more since the last feeding. The nurse would instruct the parents of a newborn to contact a healthcare provider if the child has which of the following symptoms? Select all that apply. 1 Axillary temperature of 98.6°F or higher 2 Increase in appetite 3 Seizure 4 Change in activity or behavior that makes the parent uncomfortable 5 Unusual irritability, lethargy - correct answer 3, 4, 5 The nurse would instruct the parents of a newborn to contact a healthcare provider if the axillary temperature is 99.3°F or higher, seizure activity occurs, change in activity or behavior that makes the parent uncomfortable, and unusual irritability or lethargy. An increase in appetite could be related to a growth spurt, and would not be necessary to report to the healthcare provider. The nurse should teach the parent which of the