Are antivirals typically broad or specific? Correct Answer
Usually very specific to one virus each
Are statistics for disease tracking exact? Correct Answer No,
they are estimated because unidentified or undiagnosed are not
counted
Can infection sources and reservoirs be the same? Correct
Answer Yes, they can be the same or different
Cellulitis skin infection Correct Answer Signs and Symptoms
Pain, tenderness, swelling, warmth, fever
Often found on the lower legs
Sometimes lymphangitis = Streaking away from spot, which is a
proper reaction from the body to the reaction
Transmission and Epidemiology
Caused by introduction of bacteria or fungi into the dermis
(usually via trauma) - not a certain bacteria
Normally not contagious (under the skin, not oozing if touched)
Normally caused by S. aureus or S. pyogenes (in healthy
individuals) STAPH OR STREP
,Can be caused by almost any bacterium in immune
compromised patients
Also higher risk for infection to spread through bloodstream
Diagnosed usually via clinical signs
Treat with oral antibiotics effective against both S. aureus and S.
pyogenes
More involved (serious) infections may require IV antibiotics
Chickenpox skin infection Correct Answer Signs and
Symptoms
First symptoms appear 10 to 20 days post-exposure
Usually lasts 4 to 7 days
Fever and centripetal rash that starts on the face and trunk of
body
Rash develops over time to itchy lesions that eventually crust
over and fall off (usually healing completely)
Virus can be teratogenic if a woman is infected during early
months of pregnancy = causes birth defects. In early pregnancy
= missing limbs, later = baby born with chickenpox which is
still bad.
Causative Agent
Human Herpesvirus 3 (HHV-3), also called varicella virus
Pathogenesis and Virulence Factors
1. Virus enters respiratory tract and attaches to respiratory
mucosa
,2. Then will enter the bloodstream and travel throughout body
3. Virus makes its way to skin cells: causes adjacent cells to fuse
and then lyse
4. Virus enters sensory nerves and hides in ganglia of nervous
system (optional, this is not in everyone but it is known to cause
shingles later in life)
Transmission and Epidemiology
Humans are the only natural hosts for HHV-3 (it's only found in
humans)
Transmitted via respiratory droplets and fluid of active skin
lesions
Infected persons are most contagious a day or two prior to the
development of the rash
Prevention
Live attenuated (weakened) vaccine approved in 1995
2-dose
Treatment
Usually self-limiting = uncomplicated recovery, maybe topical
for itching
Acyclovir (antiviral medication) administered within 24 hours of
onset for immune-compromised individuals
**HIGHLY CONTAGIOUS
Conjunctivitis Correct Answer Fairly common infection
, Can be caused by: contaminants introduced by contact lenses,
eye injury, or specific microbes that have an affinity for the eye
Signs and Symptoms
Bacterial infection: milk (opaque) discharge from the eye
Viral infection: clear exudate from the eye
Redness, eye swelling, sensitivity to light
Wake up in the morning with eyes "glued" shut from built up
discharge
Neonatal Conjunctivitis: Baby born with pink eye, caused by
Neisseria gonorrhoeae or Chlamydia trachomatis which can be
caught in the birth canal if mom has an STD (have eyedrops
ready)
Bacterial Conjunctivitis (via direct or indirect contact): most
commonly Staphylococcus aureus or Streptococcus pneumoniae
Vehicle Transmission: via contact lenses
Viral Conjunctivitis (via direct or indirect contact): commonly
via adenoviruses (but others can be responsible)
Prevention: good hygiene
Viral: No cure for viral conjunctivits
Antibiotics often given in case type of infection is actually
bacterial
Cutaneous anthrax Correct Answer Most common and least
dangerous form of anthrax
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