Bio Practice Exam 2o24/2025 with 100% correct answers
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Bio Practice E
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Bio Practice E
Why did DNA evolve to be the carrier of genetic information in cells as opposed to RNA? correct answersthe hydrogen at the 2' position in the deoxyribose of DNA makes it more stable than RNA
In the mismatch repair process, enzyme complexes replace bases that were incorrectly inserted into the ne...
Why did DNA evolve to be the carrier of genetic information in cells as opposed to RNA? correct
answersthe hydrogen at the 2' position in the deoxyribose of DNA makes it more stable than RNA
In the mismatch repair process, enzyme complexes replace bases that were incorrectly inserted into the
newly synthesized DNA strand. To function, they must be able to distinguish between the parent DNA
strand and the new strand. How is this accomplished? correct answersthe parent strand is methylated
suppose an experimenter becomes proficient with a technique that allows her to move DNA sequences
within a prokaryotic genome. She decides to use this technique to study the lac operon. If she leaves the
promoter in place but moves the operator downstream to the far end of the operon past the three
structural genes, which of the following would likely occur when the cell is exposed to lactose? a) The
operon will never be transcribed b) The repressor protein will no longer be produced c) The structural
genes will be transcribed continuously correct answersc. the structural genes will be transcribed
continuously.
If she moves (reference above) the repressor gene (lac I), along with its promoter, to a position at some
several thousand base pairs upstream from its normal position, which will you expect to occur? correct
answersThe lac operon will function normally
Under which conditions will the lac Z gene be expressed at the highest rate? correct answersno glucose,
high lactose
The error rate in the human genome is 3.4 bases per round of replication. All the following contribute to
error except?
a. DNA polymerase
b. homologous recombination
c. polyadenylation
d. base excision pair correct answersc. polyadenylation
, In humans, xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) is a disorder of the nucleotide excision repair mechanism.
These individuals are unable to repair DNA damage caused by ultraviolet light. Multiple basal cell
carcinomas and other skin malignancies frequently occur at a young age in those with XP. Which of the
following are the most prominent types of mutations in individuals suffering from XP?
a. telomere shortening
b. thymine dimers
c. mismatch repair
d. methylation of purines
e. all of these correct answersb. thymine dimers
In a specific DNA sequencing method, di-deoxy-nucleoside- triphosphates (ddNTP's) are involved to
produce replicated DNA strands of varying lengths. Once a ddNTP is incorporated into the growing strand
of DNA, replication is stopped. Why does the incorporation of a ddNTP in a newly synthesized strand of
DNA cease replication? correct answersA ddNTP has no 3' hydroxyl group available to form a
phosphodiester bond with the phosphate of the next incoming dNTP.
For transcription in eukaryotes, either strand of double-stranded DNA may be the template strand. What
determines which strand is the template strand? correct answersThe base sequence of the promoter
(TATA box)
Which best describes the characteristics and function of a 5'-methyl-guanosine cap of a eukaryotic
mRNA? correct answersA methylated purine that is added, to the first nucleotide of the transcript to
protect the mRNA from degradation by nucleases in the cytoplasm.
What would the most likely result of a prokaryotic species that develops a mutation that allows it to
encode for the enzyme telomerase?
a. The prokaryotic species would likely have a longer life-span due to the fact that its telomeres do not
ever shorten.
b. The prokaryotic species would have the capability to divide more rapidly because telomerase speeds
the last step of DNA replication.
c. There would be no effect on a prokaryote if it developed this mutation. correct answersc. There would
be no effect on a prokaryote if it developed this mutation.
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