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REM 100 FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE SOLUTIONS
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REM 100 FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE SOLUTIONS Dominant Social Paradigm - ANSWER-• Definition: The most widely held set of beliefs, values and ideals that guide thinking about society, governance, and the role of individuals. • Organizes the way people perceive and interpret the functioning of th...

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REM 100 FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE

SOLUTIONS


Dominant Social Paradigm - ANSWER✔✔-• Definition: The most widely held set of beliefs, values and

ideals that guide thinking about society, governance, and the role of individuals.


• Organizes the way people perceive and interpret the functioning of the world around them.


Dominant Social Paradigm of Western Societies - ANSWER✔✔-- democracy, acceptance of regulated

capitalism, individualism, economic growth, the notion of progress, faith in science and technology,

domination towards the environment




• The dominant social paradigm manifests itself in the totality of our institutions.


- Institutions are not defined as organizations per se, but more broadly as a set of rules and norms that

govern the behaviour of individuals and organizations in the system.


Institutions versus Organizations - ANSWER✔✔-Institution: The accepted rules, norms and strategies

adopted by individuals operating within or across organizational settings (Ostrom, 2008).


Canada's Constitution and political system set up under its term - Federalism - Legislative process - Rights

and responsibilities of citizens




Organization: An organized entity/body of people with a particular purpose


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Parliament of Canada People - Senate and House of Commons - Personnel (e.g., senators, members of

parliament, supporting staff, etc.) Purpose - Govern Canada by making laws, setting taxes and authorizing

spending




"We often say that institutions are the rules of the game and organizations are the players in these

institutions"


Purpose / Role Institutions ... - ANSWER✔✔-• ... are sets of expectations or norms that pattern human

behavior.


• ... structure social order (authority).


"Institutions are the rules of the game in a society or, more formally, the humanly devised constraints

that shape human interactions."




Key Characteristics


• Can be formal and/or informal (can be imposed or emerge from society itself)


Example of Written Institutions


Canada's Constitution Act, 1982 Relevance to REM: Federal and provincial governments are granted

different legislative jurisdiction over natural resources and the environment




Institutional and Financial Arrangements for Intern. Environ. Cooperation




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• Established in 1972 after the UN Conference on Human Environment (Stockholm Conference) •

Foundation for UNEP, a global environ. authority that has overall responsibility for environmental

programs among United Nations agencies


• Has aided guidelines and treaties on issues such as international trade of potentially harmful

chemicals, transboundary air pollution, and contamination of international waterways.


• Together with the WMO, the UNEP established the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)


• Talks on climate change are overseen by the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC)




Examples of Informal/Unwritten Institutions


• Informal rules among a group of resource users (e.g., fishermen)


• Culturally appropriate behaviour


• Informal rules among a group of resource users (e.g., fishermen)


• Culturally appropriate behaviour


Components of Economic System - ANSWER✔✔-"[W]e often say that institutions are the rules of the

game and organizations are the players in these institutions."




Organizations


- Businesses


- Buyers


- Producers

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- Customers


- Sellers


Institutions


- Rules that determine how these players interact




Economics = is the social science that seeks to describe the factors which determine the production,

distribution and consumption of goods and services.


Environmental economics - ANSWER✔✔-is a sub-field of economics that is concerned with

environmental issues.


• Market failures


• Measures of prosperity/development


• Ecosystem services


• Economic approaches to sustainability


Dominant Economic Paradigm: - ANSWER✔✔-Free-Market Economy


An economic system ...


• where prices for goods and services are set freely by the forces of supply and demand and are allowed

to reach their point of equilibrium without intervention by government policy.


• that typically entails support for private ownership of productive enterprises and highly competitive

markets.




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