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ANT2000 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND REVISED ANSWERS ALL CORRECT

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ANT2000 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND REVISED ANSWERS ALL CORRECT What is culture? - Answer- Culture...taken in its widest...sense, is that complex whole which includes knowledge, belief, arts, morals, law, custom and many other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society Sir E...

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  • 12 novembre 2024
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  • 2024/2025
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  • what is culture
  • ant2000 final exam questions and revised answers

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ANT2000 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS
AND REVISED ANSWERS ALL
CORRECT

What is culture? - Answer- Culture...taken in its widest...sense, is that complex whole
which includes knowledge, belief, arts, morals, law, custom and many other capabilities
and habits acquired by man as a member of society

Sir Edward Burnett Tylor (1832-1917) - Answer- -A founder of social anthropology
-1871: Primitive Culture (Volume 1 & Volume 2)
-1881: Anthropology: An introduction to the study of man and civilization
-Cultural complexity can be explained as the result of evolution, cultural knowledge is
marked by progressive acquisition and addition
-Moving from simple to complex is a general principle of human thought and
action...generalizations from observable behavior (firearms, navigational instruments,
other forms of human knowledge)
-The human mind and its capabilities are the same globally

Who wrote the first anthropology textbook? - Answer- Sir Edward Burnett Tylor

Who was the first professor of anthropology at Oxford University in 1895? - Answer- Sir
Edward Burnett Tylor

General A.L.H.F. Pitt-Rivers - Answer- -1827-1900
-"soldier-scholar"
-1851: testing a new rifle
-Treatise on the instruction of masketry (1854)
-Considered how firearms technology had improved in successive steps

General A.L.H.F Pitt-Rivers: 1884 donation of 30,000 artefacts to Oxford University
included the stipulation that the university would... - Answer- 1) Build a structure to
house the collection named after Pitt-Rivers
2) Display the collection by function/form/type (not age or origin)
3) Hire a curator...Sir Edward Burnett Tylor

Franz Boas - Answer- -1881 PhD physics (U. Kiel)...with studies in geography
-1883-4 went to Baffin Island, Canada to conduct geographic research on the impact of
the physical environment on native Inuit migrations
-1886 PhD geography

,-1892-1893 Chicago World's Fair...set up exhibits of Inuit and Kwakiutl
-1896 Curator and Lecture: American Museum Natural History
-1899 Professor of Anthropology Colombia Univ. established the first anthropology PhD
program in the US..

Who is the "Father of American Anthropology"? - Answer- Franz Boas

The "Father of American Anthropology" (Franz Boas) crated the ____-____ organization
of American anthropology - Answer- four-field

True or False: In their 2000 paper on the evolution of human skin coloration, Jablonski
N.G. & Chaplin concluded that the ancestors of modern humans lost the long hair and
light skin of their chimpanzee-like ancestors when they developed sweat glands for
evaporative cooling. Deep pigmentation protected these later hominins from the folate-
destructive effects of solar radiation on "hairless" skin. - Answer- True

True or False: In 1871, Sir Edward Burnett Tylor (the person who would become the
first professor of anthropology at Oxford University), introduced a definition of "culture":
"Culture...taken in its widest...sense, is that complex whole which includes knowledge,
belief, arts, morals, law, custom and many other capabilities and habits acquired by
man as a member of society." - Answer- True

Uniformity of "civilizations"...uniformity of causes
Stages...grades...evolution of cultures - Answer- Sir Edward Burnett Tylor

Like Tylor, Boas understood differences in human behavior are learned from ______
_________. - Answer- group participation

Franz Boas was a critic of... - Answer- Evolutionism (and Tylor's idea that all cultures
progress through similar stages with European culture at the summit)

Cultural relativism - Answer- cultures cannot be ranked as higher or lower...all humans
see the world through the lens of their own culture...must seek to understand the way
culture conditioned people to understand and interact with the world in different
ways...learn everything about a culture including the language that an ethnographer
must master to enter into the thinking patterns of the people "he" is studying

"The number of people in our country who are willing and able to enter into the modes
of thought of other nations in altogether too small...the American who is cognizant only
of his own standpoint sets himself up as arbiter of the world." - Answer- Franz Boas

Culture is.. - Answer- Behavior (and the mental infrastructure that drives behavior)
Learned (extragenetic)
Shared by a group (society, social group)
Intergenerational (passed from one generation to the next, most transfer occurs during
childhood)

, Cumulative -> Cultural Evolution (additive and revisionist)

Jane Gooddall Awards - Answer- -41 honorary degrees
-108 awards
-United Nations Messenger of Peace (2002)...reappointed (2007)
-Gandhi/King Award for Nonviolence (2001)
-UNESCO 60th Anniversary Golden Medal Award, Paris, France (2006)

_______ ______ obtained research funding from the National Geographic Society for
Jane Goodall (1960) - Answer- Louis Leakey

Louis Leakey - Answer- English paleontologist who was interested in using information
gathered from wild apes to help reconstruct the behavior of human ancestors

If a behavior is found in two related species, it is likely that this behavior was present in
the _____ of those species. - Answer- LCA

Goodall discoveries (1960-1986) - Answer- Chimps are human-like in behavior
-tool using and tool making
-predation and meat eating
-close family ties including very indulgent mothering
-male competition for status
-male boundary patrols and territorial behavior
-warfare
-infanticie
Longitudinal studies at Gombe stream set a new research standard

39 behaviors of chimpanzees are ________ behaviors - Answer- cultural

39 cultural behaviors - Answer- -Customary: occurs in most or all members of one age
or sex class
-Habitual: less common but which still occurs repeatedly
-Present
-Absent

"The New Chimpanzees" - Answer- Group-specific ("cultural") behavior supports
subsistence
-nut-cracking at Tai forest (females lead invention?)
-ant-eating at Gombe and Tai (but not Kibale)
-wadge of fruit or leaves used as a sponge (Gombe)
-predation activities differ Gombe & Tai forest (closed canopy at Tai provides escape
routes for colobus monkeys so chimps must cooperate for kill success)

Hunting: Gombe - Answer- -Open woodland means a discontinuous canopy, harder for
red colobus monkeys to escape
-Individual behavior; but more hunters->more success

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