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PSYCH 1101 EXAM 1; CHAPTERS 1-4 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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psychology - ANSWER the science that studies behaviour and thephysiological and cognitive processes that underlie behaviour, and it is the
profession that applies the accumulated knowledge of this science to practical
problems; "the study of the mind"
consciousness - ANSWER the awareness of immediate experience; the flow of
consciousness=stream of consciousness (a term coined by James)
structuralism - ANSWER 1st major school of psychology founded by
Titchener, the task of psychology is to analyze consciousness into its basic
elements (sensations and feelings) and investigate how these elements are
related
introspection - ANSWER the careful, systematic self-observation of one's own
conscious experience
functionalism - ANSWER 2nd school of psychology, psychology should
investigate the function or purpose of consciousness, rather than its structure
unconscious - ANSWER according to Freud, it contains thoughts, memories,
and desires that are well below the surface of conscious awareness but that
nonetheless exert great influence on behavior
psychoanalytic theory - ANSWER controversial theory that attempts to
explain personality, motivation, and mental disorders by focusing on
unconscious determinants of behavior
behaviorism - ANSWER 3rd school of psych, a theoretical orientation based
on the premise that scientific psychology should study only observable behavior
behavior - ANSWER any overt (observable response or activity by an
organism
,nature (born) vs nurture (taught) - ANSWER whether behavior is determined
mainly by genetic inheritance or by environment and experience
humanism - ANSWER 4th school of psych/thought or "the 3rd force" (didn't
want to be a school of psyc because they came after behaviorism), a theoretical
orientation that emphasizes the unique qualities of humans, especially their
freedom and their potential for personal growth ... and maintain that people are
not pawns of either their animal heritage or environmental circumstances
"self-concept" - ANSWER an individual's sense of self that governs human
behavior according to Rogers (1951)
clinical psychology - ANSWER the branch of psychology concerned with the
diagnosis and treatment of psychological problems and disorders
cognition - ANSWER refers to the mental processes involved in acquiring
knowledge; thinking
evolutionary psychology - ANSWER examines behavioral processes in terms
of their adaptive value for members of a species over the course of many
generations
positive psychology - ANSWER uses theory and research to better understand
the positive, adaptive, creative, and fulfilling aspects of human existence and
shift the field's focus away from negative experiences; made up of 3 areas of
interest: positive subjective experiences (positive emotions), positive individual
traits, and positive institutions and communities
9 major research areas in modern psychology - ANSWER developmental
psychology, social psychology, experimental psychology, physiological
psychology, cognitive psychology, personality, psychometrics, educational
psychology, and health psychology
four main professional specialties - ANSWER clinical psychology (most
widely practiced of all), counseling psychology, school psychology, and
industrial/organizational psychology
, psychiatry - ANSWER a branch of medicine concerned with the diagnosis and
treatment of psychological problems and disorders
empiricism psychology is empirical! - ANSWER the premise that knowledge
should be acquired through observation (rather than by theory/pure logic)
theory psychology is theoretically diverse! - ANSWER a system of interrelated
ideas used to explain a set of observations
multifactorial causation of behavior - ANSWER behavior is governed by a
complex network of interacting factors not single-cause explanations because
they are usually incomplete
culture behavior is shaped byi cultural heritage - ANSWER the widely shared
customs, beliefs, values, norms, institutions, and other products of a community
that are transmitted socially across generations that exert considerable influence
over our behavior
Wundt - ANSWER 1st psych lab in 1879, "Founder" of psych, defined
psychology as the "scientific study of conscious experience"
Washburn - ANSWER 1st female Ph.D.
Plato - ANSWER Nativist, brain is the seat of mental processes, ideas are
innate
Rousseau - ANSWER Nativist, wrote Emile, society is evil
Darwin - ANSWER Nativist, wrote Origin of Species
Rogers - ANSWER conditional vs unconditional positive regard
Calkins - ANSWER 1st female APA President
Maslow - ANSWER hierarchy of human needs, theory of motivation
Hollingsworth - ANSWER coined the term "gifted"
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