PATH 1000 MIDTERM 1
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
(GRADED A)
Pathophysiology - ANSWER - the study of changes in the body's physiology that
result from disorder or disease
Pathogenesis - ANSWER - the development of a disease
Clinical Manifestations - ANSWER - the presence or absence of disease often marked
by signs and symptoms
Diagnosis - ANSWER - identifying the type of illness or problem by examination of
the symptoms
Homeostasis - ANSWER - the body's ability to regulate and maintain health and
equilibrium in its functions
How is homeostasis linked to pathophysiology? - ANSWER - a small change to the
internal body throws homeostasis out of order, which will lead to illness and
diseases
Prognosis - ANSWER - probable outcome of a patient's conditon
Sign - ANSWER - a clinical finding verified by the examiner
Primary Disease Prevention - ANSWER - altering behaviours to prevent a disease
from occurring
Ex: vaccination
,Cell Injury - ANSWER - when a cell cannot maintain homeostasis
- cell injury can be reversible or irreversible
When is a cell injury irreversible? - ANSWER - once change to the nucleus occur and
cell membranes are disrupted will then lead to cell death
Etiology - ANSWER - the cause of a disease or condition
Idiopathic - ANSWER - unknown cause of a disease
Iatrogenic - ANSWER - disease caused by a treatment or procedure error
Epidemiology - ANSWER - study of the distribution and determinants of health-
related or events in a population
Incidence - ANSWER - rate of occurrence
Ex: number of new cases of a disease in a population over a specific period of time
(1 in 3 may catch a disease)
Prevalence - ANSWER - the number of people in a population who have the disease
or condition over a specific time period
Ex: 1 in 10 have the disease
Endemic - ANSWER - the expected or normal incidence to a population or
geographical area
Ex: chicken pox
, Epidemic - ANSWER - dramatic increase in a condition to a large number of people
at the same time in a geographical area
Pandemic - ANSWER - high numbers of a disease in various regions/across
continents
Morbidity - ANSWER - disease rates within a group
Mortality - ANSWER - deaths that result from a particular disease in a population
Ex: death rate due to TB
Hypoxic Injury - ANSWER - most common cause of cellular injury resulting in
Ischemia (reduced blood supply
What causes hypoxic injury? - ANSWER - hypoxia or lack of proficient oxygen within
a cell
- loss of hemoglobin and decreased RBC production
Secondary Disease Prevention - ANSWER - performing early detection to prevent a
disease from occurring
Ex: medical examinations
Complications - ANSWER - the development of a disease in a person already coping
with an existing disorder
Ex: secondary bacterial infection
Sequelae - ANSWER - unwanted outcomes of a primary condition
Ex: ototoxic drugs causing deafness
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
(GRADED A)
Pathophysiology - ANSWER - the study of changes in the body's physiology that
result from disorder or disease
Pathogenesis - ANSWER - the development of a disease
Clinical Manifestations - ANSWER - the presence or absence of disease often marked
by signs and symptoms
Diagnosis - ANSWER - identifying the type of illness or problem by examination of
the symptoms
Homeostasis - ANSWER - the body's ability to regulate and maintain health and
equilibrium in its functions
How is homeostasis linked to pathophysiology? - ANSWER - a small change to the
internal body throws homeostasis out of order, which will lead to illness and
diseases
Prognosis - ANSWER - probable outcome of a patient's conditon
Sign - ANSWER - a clinical finding verified by the examiner
Primary Disease Prevention - ANSWER - altering behaviours to prevent a disease
from occurring
Ex: vaccination
,Cell Injury - ANSWER - when a cell cannot maintain homeostasis
- cell injury can be reversible or irreversible
When is a cell injury irreversible? - ANSWER - once change to the nucleus occur and
cell membranes are disrupted will then lead to cell death
Etiology - ANSWER - the cause of a disease or condition
Idiopathic - ANSWER - unknown cause of a disease
Iatrogenic - ANSWER - disease caused by a treatment or procedure error
Epidemiology - ANSWER - study of the distribution and determinants of health-
related or events in a population
Incidence - ANSWER - rate of occurrence
Ex: number of new cases of a disease in a population over a specific period of time
(1 in 3 may catch a disease)
Prevalence - ANSWER - the number of people in a population who have the disease
or condition over a specific time period
Ex: 1 in 10 have the disease
Endemic - ANSWER - the expected or normal incidence to a population or
geographical area
Ex: chicken pox
, Epidemic - ANSWER - dramatic increase in a condition to a large number of people
at the same time in a geographical area
Pandemic - ANSWER - high numbers of a disease in various regions/across
continents
Morbidity - ANSWER - disease rates within a group
Mortality - ANSWER - deaths that result from a particular disease in a population
Ex: death rate due to TB
Hypoxic Injury - ANSWER - most common cause of cellular injury resulting in
Ischemia (reduced blood supply
What causes hypoxic injury? - ANSWER - hypoxia or lack of proficient oxygen within
a cell
- loss of hemoglobin and decreased RBC production
Secondary Disease Prevention - ANSWER - performing early detection to prevent a
disease from occurring
Ex: medical examinations
Complications - ANSWER - the development of a disease in a person already coping
with an existing disorder
Ex: secondary bacterial infection
Sequelae - ANSWER - unwanted outcomes of a primary condition
Ex: ototoxic drugs causing deafness
