Theories of Personality-Feist-Introduction chapter summary
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Cours
Theories of Personality (PSY434)
Établissement
University Of Santo Tomas
Book
Theories of Personality
This is an in-depth study guide about the basics and introduction to the study of personality theory. It provides an overview of the different schools of thought that are influential in this field of study, the concept of what a theory is, and various research methods concerning personality theory.
THEORIES OF PERSONALITY
§ not proven facts that in the sense that their
INTRODUCTION TO validity has been absolutely established.
§ Testable. Worthless if not. Need not be tested
PERSONALITY THEORY immediately but it must suggest the possibility
that scientists in the future might develop.
What makes a theory useful?
§ Generates research – descriptive; Hypothesis
testing.
§ Is falsifiable – verifiable
§ Organizes data – organizes and integrates.
Shapes bits of information into meaningful
arrangement
§ Guides action – practical and provides
structure for finding answers
§ Internally consistent – components are
compatible and is operationally defined
§ Parsimonious – simple and straightforward
PERSONALITY
§ May refer to a well-known person
PHILOSOPHY
§ May refer to what a person does have or not
§ Means “Love of wisdom”
§ Having the quality of a person as contrasted with
§ It encompasses several branches, one of which
that of a being; a non-person
is epistemology (nature of knowledge)
§ State of being. Emphasis on the individual rather
§ Deals with what ought and should be.
than the collective viewpoint
§ A theory deals with broad sets of if-then
§ Originated from the Latin “persona” which refers
statements but the badness or goodness of
to a theatrical mask worn by roman actors in
outcomes is in the realm of philosophy. However,
Greek dramas.
it is much narrower than a theory.
§ equated to social skill or adroitness
§ consist of the most outstanding or salient
SPECULATION
impression an individual creates in others.
§ These do not flow forth from the mind of a great
thinker.
§ Biosicial – Social stimulus value
§ Mere armchair speculation
§ Biophysical – organic and perceived side
§ Rag-tag/ omnibus – enumeration
HYPOTHESIS
§ Integrative – enumeration
§ Is an educated guess or prediction, specific
§ Adjustment – varied and typical efforts in
enough for its validity to be tested through the
adjusting
use of the scientific method.
§ Uniqueness – individual and distinctive
§ Springs forth from a theory
§ Essence – most representative; what one
actually is
§ Deductive reasoning – general to specific
§ Inductive reasoning – specific to general
Traits – contribute to individual differences in
behavior, consistency of behavior over time and
TAXONOMY
stability of behavior across situations
§ A classification of things according to their
natural relationships
Characteristics – are unique qualities of an
§ Can evolve into a theory when they generate
individual that include such attributes as
testable hypothesis and to explain research
temperaments, physique, and intelligence
findings.
THEORY
THEORIES OF PERSONALITY
§ is a set of related assumptions that allows
§ The field of personality is concerned with
scientists to use logical deductive reasoning to individual differences
formulate testable hypothesis § It always suggests direction for research
§ a single assumption can never fill all the § Helps pull together what we know and suggest
requirements of an adequate theory
how we may discover of what is yet unknown
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