INTERMEDIATE
MACROECONOMICS:
SUMMARY
@ECOsummaries
→ 20% discount
1
,Intermediate Macroeconomics summary
Lecture 1
Keynesian Cross Model
Output (Y): income determined by the demand side of the economy
Aggregate expenditures: planned expenditures, AE =C + I + G + EX – IM
→ Both C and IM depend positively on Y!
If Y > AE → unplanned investments (add to inventory) → output down → employment down (bust)
If Y < AE → unplanned disinvestments (get from inventory) → output up → employment up (boom)
Equilibrium if Y = AE (it’s short run, so P are sticky)
Example: Higher G
Multiplier of G, C, I = 1/(1-C)
Multiplier of T = -C/(1-C)
Money market and Interest Rates
Real money demand: L(i,Y) Real money supply: M/P
→ Y is positive related and i is negative related → influenced by the CB
Money Demand Money Supply
LM-curve
The higher Y, the higher the interest rate
2
,Interest rate Targeting: The CB usually sets the target interest rate (horizontal line)
Mbar = target money supply
ibar = target interest rate
If a = 0, M is fixed
if a → infinite, interest rate is fixed
3
, Aggregate expenditure and the goods market
Y = C + I + G + EX – IM
assume for simplicity
- C = c*Y
- I = I – b*i
- EX = x1*Yw + x2*R (Yw = foreign income, R = real exchange rate =
- IM = m1*Y – m2*R → higher R means foreign products become more expensive and
our products become cheaper. E = nominal exchange rate.
Number of domestic currency per unit of foreign currency.
e.g. E=0.7 euros/$, rise in E = depreciation, fall in E = appreciation)
See lecture 1.3, 7:00 for example with exchange rates.
IS curve
Negatively sloped!
→ negative relation between Y and i
LM = equilibrium in money market
IS = equilibrium in the goods market
ISLM = general equilibrium, both markets
For now: IS-LM is a closed economy
model
See exercise for useful derivations
4
MACROECONOMICS:
SUMMARY
@ECOsummaries
→ 20% discount
1
,Intermediate Macroeconomics summary
Lecture 1
Keynesian Cross Model
Output (Y): income determined by the demand side of the economy
Aggregate expenditures: planned expenditures, AE =C + I + G + EX – IM
→ Both C and IM depend positively on Y!
If Y > AE → unplanned investments (add to inventory) → output down → employment down (bust)
If Y < AE → unplanned disinvestments (get from inventory) → output up → employment up (boom)
Equilibrium if Y = AE (it’s short run, so P are sticky)
Example: Higher G
Multiplier of G, C, I = 1/(1-C)
Multiplier of T = -C/(1-C)
Money market and Interest Rates
Real money demand: L(i,Y) Real money supply: M/P
→ Y is positive related and i is negative related → influenced by the CB
Money Demand Money Supply
LM-curve
The higher Y, the higher the interest rate
2
,Interest rate Targeting: The CB usually sets the target interest rate (horizontal line)
Mbar = target money supply
ibar = target interest rate
If a = 0, M is fixed
if a → infinite, interest rate is fixed
3
, Aggregate expenditure and the goods market
Y = C + I + G + EX – IM
assume for simplicity
- C = c*Y
- I = I – b*i
- EX = x1*Yw + x2*R (Yw = foreign income, R = real exchange rate =
- IM = m1*Y – m2*R → higher R means foreign products become more expensive and
our products become cheaper. E = nominal exchange rate.
Number of domestic currency per unit of foreign currency.
e.g. E=0.7 euros/$, rise in E = depreciation, fall in E = appreciation)
See lecture 1.3, 7:00 for example with exchange rates.
IS curve
Negatively sloped!
→ negative relation between Y and i
LM = equilibrium in money market
IS = equilibrium in the goods market
ISLM = general equilibrium, both markets
For now: IS-LM is a closed economy
model
See exercise for useful derivations
4
