TEST BANK
American Government: Political Development and
Institutional Change 12th Edition
by Cal Jillson, All Chapters 1 - 16
© 2023 Taylor & Francis
, TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. Chapter 1 The Origins of American Political Principles
2. Chapter 2 The Revolution and the Constitution
3. Chapter 3 Federalism and American Political Development
4. Chapter 4 Political Socialization and Public Opinion
5. Chapter 5 The Mass Media and the Political Agenda
6. Chapter 6 Interest Groups: The Politics of Influence
7. Chapter 7 Political Parties: Winning the Right to Govern
8. Chapter 8 Voting, Campaigns, and Elections
9. Chapter 9 Congress: Partisanship, Polarization, and Gridlock
10. Chapter 10 The President: Executive Power in a Separation of Powers Regime
11. Chapter 11 Bureaucracy: Redesigning Government for the Twenty-First Century
12. Chapter 12 The Federal Courts: Activism versus Restraint
13. Chapter 13 Civil Liberties: Ordered Liberty in America
14. Chapter 14 Civil Rights: Where Liberty and Equality Collide
15. Chapter 15 Government, The Economy, and Domestic Policy
16. Chapter 16 America’s Global Role in the Twenty-First Century
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,Chapter 1 The Origins of American Political Principles
Single-Select Multiple Choice
Question Answer A B C D
A custom, practice, or b policy institution legal procedure rule
organization, often embedded in
rules and law, is called a
^ .^
Which of these terms refers to d Monarchy Polis Democracy Oligarchy
the rule of an elite few for their
own interests?
According to Plato, who should a A philosopher- A political science- The few wisest None of these
rule a properly constituted polis? king king citizens
According to Aristotle’s typology d Oligarchy is a Democracy is a Tyranny is any All of these
of governments, which of these government government government that is
statements accurately defines a organized around organized around oppressive to the
type of government? a few men who many men who people.
are primarily are primarily
motivated by their motivated by the
narrow private broad public
and class interest.
interests.
Which one of the following pairs c Paris and London Berlin and Madrid Athens and Rome Oslo and Copenhagen
of cities formed the centers of
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,the two greatest European societies
of the ancient world?
Before it was an empire, what c It was always an It was a It was a republic. It was a polity.
was ancient Rome? empire. democracy.
Which theorists made the first and a Polybius and Plato and Aristotle St. Augustine and St. Thomas Hobbes and
most influential efforts to explain Cicero Thomas Aquinas John Locke
how mixed governments
can work in practice?
According to the Pro & Con b The people met A deep respect for Slaves and resident All citizens were given
section, which of the following was in the Assembly the individual rights aliens (three-fifths of one vote in the
not a characteristic of to discuss and and liberties of all the population) Assembly
“Athenian democracy?” decide major city residents were denied
issues citizenship
What is the temporal world? c The world of the The world of the The world of The otherworldly
sacred politically peoples and nations
powerful and human history
Who wrote that, without an all- c Niccolò John Calvin Thomas Hobbes John Locke
powerful monarch, human Machiavelli
beings will fall into a war of all
against all in which life is
“solitary, poor, nasty, brutish,
and short”?
Who was the founder of the c Martin Luther Thomas Hobbes Martin Luther John Winthrop
Protestant Reformation? King, Jr.
In addition to social contract c Nothing else was There is nothing Separation of Unlimited, immoderate
theory, what are two other taken. besides social powers and free constitutional regimes
concepts taken from classical contract theory in markets
liberalism that influenced the classical liberalism.
Founding generation?
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,Who were the Pilgrims? b Wealthy English Middling English Wealthy English Middling English
Puritans who Puritans who Anglicans who Anglicans who settled in
settled in the settled in New settled in the South the Mid-Atlantic in
South in order to England in order in order to develop it order to develop it
avoid religious to avoid religious economically economically and in
persecution in persecution in some cases to avoid
their home their home religious persecution in
country country their home country
In the population of the a The English The Irish The Germans The Dutch
American colonies in 1765,
which ethnic group was the
largest?
What drove the idea behind the d The orthodox did Banishment was The vastness of the All of these
notion that the Americans had not feel the need an accepted form land allowed for
“space” for dissent? to destroy the of punishment. pockets of
unorthodox. acceptability
interspersed between
places of
orthodoxy.
What was political participation like a It was very It was oligarchic It was oligarchic and It was aristocratic and
in the early colonies? democratic in but still modestly hence not very hence not very
nature. democratic in democratic at all in democratic at all in
nature. nature. nature.
To what area of social life did c Law Government and The economy Culture
Adam Smith most extensively politics
apply the principles of classical
liberalism?
Which Enlightenment thinker d Thomas Hobbes Niccolò Baron de Montesquieu Francis Bacon
argued the earliest and most Machiavelli
influentially that science and
discovery worked for the eternal
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,benefit of society?
How did St. Augustine and St. a They privileged They privileged They privileged the They privileged the role
Thomas Aquinas differ from the the role of the the role of the role of the national of the sub-national over
ancients and how did this sacred over the secular over the over sub-national the national
difference impact the Founding secular, which sacred, which governments, which government, which
generation? served as a served as a served as a positive served as a negative
negative example positive example example for the example for the
for the Founding for the Founding Founding Founding generation.
generation. generation. generation.
When did the concept of c At the At the Magna At the American At the English
individualism find its brightest Constitutional Carta and in the Revolution and in Revolution and in the
moment and what form did it take? Convention and form of the the form of the idea form of religious
in the form of Barony that freedom has its tolerance
separation of own order and
powers structure
What lesson did the Founding b Mixed Mixed constitutions Mixed constitutions Mixed constitutions
Fathers learn from Polybius and constitutions should be should be embraced should be avoided
Cicero? should be embraced because because they serve the because monarchy is the
avoided due to they balance the interests of the middle best way to govern a
their proclivity interests of the classes. republic.
toward rich and the poor.
instability.
Who normally rules in b The poor The rich The middle class None of these
aristocracies and oligarchies?
What is meant by American a The study of The study of The thesis that None of these
political development (APD)? development and America’s American
change in democratic government has
American political development in become much more
processes, comparison to the political over time,
institutions, and development of thus reducing its
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, policies over time other democracies capacity to solve the
around the world problems that affect
the lives of ordinary
Americans
What did the ancients mean by b They thought it Rule by the people Rule by the people They thought it was
“democracy?” was equivalent to in the interest of in their own self- equivalent to “free
“mob rule” the entire interest government”
community
What is meant by the term c A mixed state in A form of popular A set of ideas that A set of ideas that
“classical republicanism?” which government that emphasizes concern emphasizes the
monarchical, relies by elected for the common importance of limited
aristocratic, and representatives good over the self- government and
democratic instead of direct interest of individuals aggregate rights
principles are democratic
combined governance
What differentiates a monarchy d The source of The source of their The purpose of The purposes of
from a tyranny? their legitimacy, legitimacy, with government, with government, with
with monarchies monarchies being monarchies having monarchies having good
being based on based on the will of bad motives and motives and tyrannies
the will of God the people or of tyrannies having having bad ones
and tyrannies God and tyrannies good ones
being based on being based on
the will of the neither
ruler
What was the dominant b Social Democracy Classical Classical Corporatist Capitalism
American political and social Liberalism Republicanism
ideology in the nineteenth and
twentieth centuries?
Which of the following are d Space for dissent Social fluidity and Equality and All of these
characteristics of American and economic heterogeneity tolerance
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,colonial settlement that influenced opportunity
American political
development?
Which one of these statements d In New England In southern In all colonies, most In all of the colonies,
most accurately describes colonies, most colonies, most white men were active participation in
democratic political participation white men were white men were allowed to actively governance was limited
in the early colonies? allowed to allowed to actively participate in local to a few white men.
actively participate in local democratic
participate in democratic governance.
local democratic governance.
governance.
What was the official religion of the a There was no Puritanism Anglicanism Catholicism
British colonies in North America? single official
religion
throughout all of
the British
colonies.
What is a polis? a Greek term for Latin term for Greek term for Latin term for political
political political community political community community on the scale
community on on the on the scale of a of a country
the scale of a city scale of a city state
For the ancients, what is an c Rule by the many Rule by the many, Rule by the few, who Rule of the few in their
aristocracy? in the interest of who were also were usually also own self-interest
the entire usually wealthy, in wealthy, in the
community the interest of the interest of the entire
entire community community
What did Aristotle mean by a a The combination A political The combination of The worst possible
“polity?” of elements of community that is elements of aristocracy form of government
oligarchy and no larger than a city and monarchy to form
democracy to unless part of a
The religious, other-worldly, form a working a confederacy working
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,everyday aspects of life approximation of approximation of
the good the good
government government
What does secular mean? b The religious, but The nonreligious, The religious, other- The nonreligious, but
this-worldly, this-worldly, worldly, everyday other-worldly, everyday
everyday aspects everyday aspects aspects of life aspects of life
of life of life
Who is the legitimate source of d The powerful The rich The divine The people
political authority, according to the
idea of individualism?
To what does the term “social a An argument that An argument that An argument that the An argument that power
contract theory” refer? the legitimate origin the legitimate origin non-legitimate origin rests exclusively with
of government is in of government rests of government is in those best suited to
the agreement of with the “divine the agreement of a exercise it
a free people right of kings” free
people
Which one of the following pairs c Niccolò Francis Bacon and Martin Luther and St. Augustine and St.
contains giants from the Protestant Machiavelli and Thomas Hobbes John Calvin Thomas Aquinas
Reformation? Baron de
Montesquieu
The Preamble to the ^ ^ c Declaration of Articles of U.S. Constitution Bill of Rights
provides a summary statement Independence Federation
of the document’s principles
and purposes.
Which one of the following b life, liberty, and secure the blessings indivisible, with nor be deprived of life,
phrases is found in the Preamble to the pursuit of of liberty liberty and justice for liberty, or property
the U.S. Constitution? happiness to ourselves and all
our posterity
During the Middle Ages, the a religious rather secular rather both secular and neither religious nor
Catholic Church was the only than secular than religious religious secular
institution operating throughout
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, Europe. Consequently, its
principles and priorities were
^ ^.
John Locke thought that the b American Glorious French Revolution Bolshevik Revolution
^ ^ ushered in an era in Revolution Revolution
which government would be
based on deliberation and free
choice.
With his “holy experiment,” a a society of peace the kingdom of a refuge strictly for a secular society devoid
William Penn attempted to among diverse God on earth persecuted of religious sentiments
establish ^ ^. religious sects Huguenots
In the eighteenth century, c believed forgot doubted accepted
political thinkers generally
^ ^ that “direct democracy”
could provide stable government.
Multiple-Select Multiple Choice
The Middle Ages began with the c, a early modern Renaissance Roman Empire Greek Empire
collapse of the ^ ^ and ended Europe
with the beginnings of the
^ ^.
^ ^ and ^ ^ relied on b, c Seneca Locke Cicero Zeno
natural law theory in their
political writings.
^ ^ and ^ ^ advocated the a, b Locke Polybius Bacon Plato
superiority of mixed
government to promote political
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