Health Psychology Chapter 1-5
Acquired Immunity - correct answer-a subsystem of the overall immune system that is
composed of highly specialized, systemic cells and processes that eliminate or prevent
pathogen growth.
Acute Phase Response (APR) - correct answer-a class of proteins whose plasma
concentrations increase (positive acute-phase proteins) or decrease (negative acute-phase
proteins) in response to inflammation.
Adrenal Cortices - correct answer-mediates the stress response through the production of
mineralocorticoids and glucocorticoids, including aldosterone and cortisol respectively.
Adrenal Medullae - correct answer-is the innermost part of the adrenal gland, consisting of
cells that secrete epinephrine (adrenaline), norepinephrine (noradrenaline), and a small
amount of dopamine in response to stimulation by sympathetic preganglionic neurons.
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone - correct answer-also known as corticotropin, is a polypeptide
tropic hormone produced and secreted by the anterior pituitary gland. - Its principal effects
are increased production and release of corticosteroids.
Alarm - correct answer-Strength of alarm reaction depends on the degree to which the event
is perceived as a threat
Allostatic Load - correct answer-The cumulative long-term effects of the body's physiological
response to stress
Alveoli - correct answer-The alveoli are tiny air sacs within the lungs where the exchange of
oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place.
Amygdala - correct answer-Two clutters of neurons in the limbic system that are linked to
emotion especially aggression
Anatomical Theory - correct answer-The theory that the origins of specific diseases are
found in the internal organs, musculature, and skeletal system of the human body
Antibodies - correct answer-recognize and latch onto antigens in order to remove them from
the body.
Antigen - correct answer-A foreign substance that stimulates an immune response
Arteries - correct answer-Blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart to other organs
and tissues; a small artery is called an arteriole
Autonomic Nervous Systems - correct answer-The nerves that link the CNS with the heart,
intestines, and other internal organs
, B Cells - correct answer-migrate to the spleen and other secondary lymphoid tissues where
they mature and differentiate into immunocompetent B cells.
Basic Factors that compose an experimental approach - correct answer-...
Belief Bias - correct answer-A form of faulty reasoning in which our expectations prevent us
from seeing alternative explanations for our observations.
Biomedical model - correct answer-The dominant view of 20th century medicine that
maintains that illness always has a physical cause
Biopsychosocial perspective - correct answer-The viewpoint that health and other behaviors
are determined by the interaction of biological mechanisms, psychological processes, and
social influences
Biopsychosocial Phenomenon - correct answer-a general model or approach stating that
biological, psychological (which entails thoughts, emotions, and behaviors), and social
(socio-economical, socio-environmental, and cultural) factors, all play a significant role in
human functioning in the context of disease or illness.
Blood Pressure - correct answer-is the pressure exerted by circulating blood upon the walls
of blood vessels, and is one of the principal vital signs.
Bone Marrow - correct answer-is the flexible tissue in the interior of bones.
Brainstem - correct answer-The oldest and most central region of the brain; includes the
medulla, pons, and reticular formation.
Bronchi - correct answer-The pair of respiratory tubes that branch into progressively smaller
passageways, the bronchioles, culminating in the air sacs within the right and left lungs (the
alveoli)
Bronchioles - correct answer-the passageways by which air passes through the nose or
mouth to the alveoli (air sacs) of the lungs, in which branches no longer contain cartilage or
glands in their submucosa.
Buffering hypothesis - correct answer-The theory that social support produces its beneficial
effects during both stressful and non stressful times by enhancing the bodies physical
responses to challenging situations
Capillaries - correct answer-help to enable the exchange of water, oxygen, carbon dioxide,
and many other nutrients and waste chemical substances between blood and the tissues
surrounding them.
Case Control Study - correct answer-is a type of study design used widely, originally
developed in epidemiology, although its use has also been advocated for the social
sciences.
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