PSHS103 Developmental Stages It helps or allow people to achieve their human
Final Review potential
What is your understanding of
developmental task? What are the
Scenario(s) different age group?
developmental tasks must be completed during
1. You are a newly graduated PSW from each stage, and no stage can be skipped, as
Centennial College! You most recently each stage lays the foundation for the next stage.
applied for a position in a long-term care Children all over the world, whatever their culture
facility and received an interview! During or living conditions, must go through each stage
your interview, the interviewer ask you the of development before they can progress to the
following questions to decide if you are next task.
the right candidate for the position.
Infancy (Birth to 1 Year)
The Interviewer asks you the following questions Infancy is the first year of life, when rapid
to get a better understanding of your knowledge physical, psychological, and social growth and
as a PSW. development occur. The developmental tasks of
Please explain your understanding of the infancy are the following:
following • Learning to walk
What is your understanding of • Learning to eat solid foods
cognitive health and how would you • Beginning to talk and communicate with others
promote it in your patients? • Beginning to have emotional relationships with
Cognitive health is achieved by keeping the primary caregivers, brothers, and sisters
mind active and creative throughout life. • Developing stable sleep and feeding patterns
Recreational programs and activities that • The Moro reflex (startle reflex) occurs when an
promote cognitive and social health. Residents infant is frightened by a loud noise or a sudden
are encouraged to take part in games and movement. The arms are thrown apart, the legs
outings that are organized for them. They are extend, and the head is thrown back.
encouraged to continue to be intellectually active • The rooting reflex is stimulated when the
even when they are in their rooms. Activities such infant's cheek is touched at or near the mouth.
as reading, doing crossword puzzles, keeping The infant's head turns toward the touch. The
indoor plants, doing crafts, and knitting challenge rooting reflex is necessary for feeding; it helps
the mind and keep it active. As a support worker, guide the infant's mouth to the nipple.
you can promote your clients' cognitive health by • The sucking reflex is produced by touching the
encouraging them to perform all these activities cheeks or the sides of the lips.
and by talking with them about community and • The grasping reflex occurs when the infant's
world events palm is stimulated, causing the fingers to close
Explain what development means. around the object. This reflex begins to decline
refers to changes in psychological and social around the second month and disappears by the
functioning. A person behaves and thinks in third month.
certain ways at different stages of development.
, Toddlerhood (1 to 3 Years) • Learning basic reading, writing, and arithmetic
Physical growth during the second year of life is skills
not as rapid as during infancy. The • Developing a conscience and morals
developmental tasks during toddlerhood are as • Developing a good feeling and attitude about
follows: oneself
• Tolerating separation from the primary caregiver Late Childhood (9 to 12 Years)
• Gaining control of bowel and bladder functions Late childhood (preadolescence) is the stage
• Using words to communicate with others between leaving childhood, with its dependency
• Becoming less dependent on the primary on others, and entering adolescence.
caregiver Developmental tasks at this stage are similar to
Preschool (3 to 6 Years) those of middle childhood. However, a
Ages 3 to 6 years are considered the preschool preadolescent is expected to show more
years (early childhood). At this stage, children refinement and maturity in achieving the following
grow taller but gain little weight. Preschoolers are tasks:
thinner, more coordinated, and more graceful • Becoming independent of adults and learning to
than toddlers. The developmental tasks of the depend on oneself
preschool years include the following: • Developing and keeping friendships with peers
• Being better able to communicate and • Understanding the physical, psychological, and
understand others social roles of one's identified gender
• Performing self-care activities • Developing moral and ethical behaviour
• Learning the differences between the genders • Developing greater muscular strength,
• Learning to distinguish right from wrong and coordination, and balance
good from bad • Learning how to study
• Learning to play with others Adolescence (12 to 18 Years)
• Developing family relationships Adolescence is a time of rapid growth and
Middle Childhood (6 to 8 Years) psychological and social maturity. The stage
Preschoolers often have nursery school and begins with puberty. Puberty is the period during
kindergarten experiences. However, middle which the reproductive organs begin to function
childhood is the time school experiences begin in and secondary sex characteristics appear. Girls
earnest. Children enter the world of peer groups, experience puberty between the ages of 10 and
games, and learning. 14. Most boys reach puberty between the ages of
The developmental tasks of middle childhood are 12 and 16. Knowing or questioning sexual
the following: orientation usually occurs at this stage of
development.
• Developing the social and physical skills Because the age of puberty varies, adolescence
needed for playing games ranges from the ages of 12 to 18 years. The
• Learning to get along with other children of the developmental tasks of adolescence include the
same age and background (peers) following:
• Learning behaviours and attitudes normative to
one's gender • Accepting changes in the body and appearance
Final Review potential
What is your understanding of
developmental task? What are the
Scenario(s) different age group?
developmental tasks must be completed during
1. You are a newly graduated PSW from each stage, and no stage can be skipped, as
Centennial College! You most recently each stage lays the foundation for the next stage.
applied for a position in a long-term care Children all over the world, whatever their culture
facility and received an interview! During or living conditions, must go through each stage
your interview, the interviewer ask you the of development before they can progress to the
following questions to decide if you are next task.
the right candidate for the position.
Infancy (Birth to 1 Year)
The Interviewer asks you the following questions Infancy is the first year of life, when rapid
to get a better understanding of your knowledge physical, psychological, and social growth and
as a PSW. development occur. The developmental tasks of
Please explain your understanding of the infancy are the following:
following • Learning to walk
What is your understanding of • Learning to eat solid foods
cognitive health and how would you • Beginning to talk and communicate with others
promote it in your patients? • Beginning to have emotional relationships with
Cognitive health is achieved by keeping the primary caregivers, brothers, and sisters
mind active and creative throughout life. • Developing stable sleep and feeding patterns
Recreational programs and activities that • The Moro reflex (startle reflex) occurs when an
promote cognitive and social health. Residents infant is frightened by a loud noise or a sudden
are encouraged to take part in games and movement. The arms are thrown apart, the legs
outings that are organized for them. They are extend, and the head is thrown back.
encouraged to continue to be intellectually active • The rooting reflex is stimulated when the
even when they are in their rooms. Activities such infant's cheek is touched at or near the mouth.
as reading, doing crossword puzzles, keeping The infant's head turns toward the touch. The
indoor plants, doing crafts, and knitting challenge rooting reflex is necessary for feeding; it helps
the mind and keep it active. As a support worker, guide the infant's mouth to the nipple.
you can promote your clients' cognitive health by • The sucking reflex is produced by touching the
encouraging them to perform all these activities cheeks or the sides of the lips.
and by talking with them about community and • The grasping reflex occurs when the infant's
world events palm is stimulated, causing the fingers to close
Explain what development means. around the object. This reflex begins to decline
refers to changes in psychological and social around the second month and disappears by the
functioning. A person behaves and thinks in third month.
certain ways at different stages of development.
, Toddlerhood (1 to 3 Years) • Learning basic reading, writing, and arithmetic
Physical growth during the second year of life is skills
not as rapid as during infancy. The • Developing a conscience and morals
developmental tasks during toddlerhood are as • Developing a good feeling and attitude about
follows: oneself
• Tolerating separation from the primary caregiver Late Childhood (9 to 12 Years)
• Gaining control of bowel and bladder functions Late childhood (preadolescence) is the stage
• Using words to communicate with others between leaving childhood, with its dependency
• Becoming less dependent on the primary on others, and entering adolescence.
caregiver Developmental tasks at this stage are similar to
Preschool (3 to 6 Years) those of middle childhood. However, a
Ages 3 to 6 years are considered the preschool preadolescent is expected to show more
years (early childhood). At this stage, children refinement and maturity in achieving the following
grow taller but gain little weight. Preschoolers are tasks:
thinner, more coordinated, and more graceful • Becoming independent of adults and learning to
than toddlers. The developmental tasks of the depend on oneself
preschool years include the following: • Developing and keeping friendships with peers
• Being better able to communicate and • Understanding the physical, psychological, and
understand others social roles of one's identified gender
• Performing self-care activities • Developing moral and ethical behaviour
• Learning the differences between the genders • Developing greater muscular strength,
• Learning to distinguish right from wrong and coordination, and balance
good from bad • Learning how to study
• Learning to play with others Adolescence (12 to 18 Years)
• Developing family relationships Adolescence is a time of rapid growth and
Middle Childhood (6 to 8 Years) psychological and social maturity. The stage
Preschoolers often have nursery school and begins with puberty. Puberty is the period during
kindergarten experiences. However, middle which the reproductive organs begin to function
childhood is the time school experiences begin in and secondary sex characteristics appear. Girls
earnest. Children enter the world of peer groups, experience puberty between the ages of 10 and
games, and learning. 14. Most boys reach puberty between the ages of
The developmental tasks of middle childhood are 12 and 16. Knowing or questioning sexual
the following: orientation usually occurs at this stage of
development.
• Developing the social and physical skills Because the age of puberty varies, adolescence
needed for playing games ranges from the ages of 12 to 18 years. The
• Learning to get along with other children of the developmental tasks of adolescence include the
same age and background (peers) following:
• Learning behaviours and attitudes normative to
one's gender • Accepting changes in the body and appearance
