UK culture and history
Empire: territory during colonies
Commonwealth: voluntary organization lot of former colonies
UK = nation, British Islands, British Isles
Ireland = Ireland (state) + Northern Ireland
Downing Street = home to the prime minister
Welsh flag was not included in Union Jack
Contemporary conditions
Division each part has different background
North vs South England
North = power, industrial, separate feeling
All control is in London
Ethnicity
1. Race
2. Sub-national ethnicity Celtic heritage etc.
Generational gaps more elderly people, they live longer,
think nostalgic (good old days)
Rich vs poor
Growing underclass
Cities tend to be more progressive
Political variety
Tension/fragmentation of society
Relation with the rest of the world majority thinks the same less today
Trust in politicians etc. also called ‘Bulldog Spirit’ = never letting go
Churchill fight enemy, shaped national resistance
General attitude that they are different and unique and separate from the
European continent (self delusion) believe that they are better than
everyone
Will they regain former glory due to Brexit?
Winston Churchill
Prime minister during WW2
Kept nation’s spirit up
Won Nobel price for Literature
Lady Diana
Prince Charles divorced
Princess of Wales
Adored
Car crash while chased by paparazzi
Lot of good deeds
Brexit
Sovereignty lets take our country back!
Migration immigrant crisis, people feared that the borders were wide open for illegal
immigrants the wanted more control = misperception
Referendum people vote over the issue
Scaring people for campaign
Narrow win for a leave
Humiliation for Cameron so Theresa May took over within the party
All candidates that campaigned for leave resigned
Most people didn’t actually wanna leave but just wanted to have their voices hurt
Result was not binding! they didn’t have to go through with it at all
Had to make an exit deal: EU and UK had to negotiate
UK got extension on deal date
EU and UK parliament needed to approve the deal by majority
, Stone Henge
Don’t know much about them
Earliest source = Roman invaders
Indication of some sort of political power or leader
Wheel was not invented yet but stones were moved there speculation: rolled over
trees/tracks with animal fat and slays
Prosperous society
Function still unclear
Orientation: aligns with sunrise of longest and sunset of the shortest days of the years
Some sort of astronomic calander?
Burial site? bones found (could also be for some ritual)
Some of the stones come from Wales and have been moved all the way there
Built around the same time the Great Pyramids were built Europeans weren’t as
developed as Egyptians
Ring o’ Brodgar
Cultural cohesion same as Stonehenge
Uffington White Horse
100 m long
Can only be observed from a nearby hill
600bc arrival of Celtic People Iron Age civilization
200bc more Celtic and now also Belgic tribes first to call themselves Britons still
illiterate
55bc first Roman invasion written sources base to destroy the <beltic tries
Celtic language: 2 groups, modern day still spoken
Gaelic: Scottish Gaelic, Irish Gaelic, Manx
Brythonic: Welsh, Cornish
43ad Claudius occupied Britain
First founded cities (Colchester first ever)
100ad now a province of Roman Empire, took time to take all of England
People became Romanized
Roman became official language
Learned writing and speaking etc.
Hadrian
Built wall between England and Scotland to keep Scottish tribes out
Roman London
Red line: London Today
Elements that we recognize from Rome
City names ending with -cester, -chester, -caster are from Roman origin
410ad Rome under attack
Roman troops return home to fight
Britain was soon invaded by German tribes (Angles, Saxons, Jutes)
Lots of aspects of civilization were lost invaders were illiterate etc., back to
more primitive state
Higher standing people left to Wales and Ireland to escape the new primitive ways
Divided in 7 major kingdoms
Warlords: constantly attacked by each other (origin of tales like King Arthur )
First period of civilization: 2 traditions
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