A detailed, in-depth summary of chapter 3 of the book Politics by Andrew Heywood. The summary includes all terms and definitions and is sufficient scope for an exam. This book is often used for first-year political science courses.
Summary of Introduction to Political Science Part 2- Final
Summary Introduction to Political Science Part 1- Midterm (Readings and Lectures)
Alles voor dit studieboek (27)
Geschreven voor
Universiteit van Amsterdam (UvA)
European Politics And Global Change
7321E020FY
Alle documenten voor dit vak (12)
1
beoordeling
Door: yazantrad • 1 jaar geleden
Verkoper
Volgen
natyprycova
Ontvangen beoordelingen
Voorbeeld van de inhoud
CHAPTER 3 – POLITICS AND THE STATE
DEFINING THE STATE
Origins and development of the state
- State is a historical institution
- The state → a political association that established sovereign jurisdiction within
defined territorial borders, and exercise authority through a set of permanent
institutions
- Charles Tilly – development of the modern state was its ability to fight wars
o War made the state, and the state made war
- Marxists – origins of the state are traced back to the transition from feudalism to
capitalism
- Nation-state → a sovereign political association within which citizenship and
nationality overlap, one nation within a single state
Approaches to the state
- State can be a lot of things: collection of institutions, territorial unit, philosophical
idea, instrument of coercion or oppression
- Idealist perspective – Hegel, family, civil society and the state, altruism
- Idealism → a view of politics that emphasized the importance of morality and ideals,
philosophical idealism implies thar ideas are more real than the material world
- Functionalist approach – focus on the role or purpose of state institutions
- Organizational – apparatus of government in the broadest sense, set of institutions
that are public
- Civil society → a private sphere of autonomous groups and associations,
independent from the state or public authority
- Sovereignty → the principle of absolute and unlimited power
o Legal – supreme legal authority
o Internal – supreme power within the state
o External – state’s place in international order
- 5 key features of the state
o State is sovereign (T. Hobbes)
o State institutions are recognisably public
o The state is an exercise in legitimation
o The state is instrument of domination (M. Webber)
o The state is territorial association
- International approach – state as an actor on a global stage
- State features according to Montevideo convention
o A defined territory
o A permanent population
o An effective government
o The capacity to enter into relations with other states
- Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel
, o German philosopher, founder of modern idealism
o Consciousness and material objects are unified
o Phenomenology of spirit
DEBATING THE STATE
Rival theories of the state
- State is essentially contested
The pluralist state
- Liberal lineage, state as a umpire or referee in society
- Popular in Anglo-American
- Pluralism → a belief in diversity or multiplicity, or the belief that power in modern
societies is widely and evenly distributed
- Hobbes and Locke
- Political obligation → the duty of the citizen towards the state, the basis of the
state’s right to rule
- T. Hobbes – English philosopher, first comprehensive theory of nature and human
behaviour since Aristotle
- State of nature → society devoid of political authority and of formal (legal) checks on
the individual, usually employed as a theoretical device
- Divine right → the doctrine that earthly rulers are chosen by God and thus wield
unchallengeable authority, a defence of monarchical absolutism
- Neutrality of the state
- Hobbes → stability and order could be secured only through unlimited state
- Locke → limited state, defence of natural (god given) rights – life, liberty and
property
- Anarchy → without rule, other word for instability and chaos
- State is neutral
- Schwarzmantel – state is a servant of society, not its master
o Two key assumptions
▪ State is subordinate to government
▪ Democratic process is meaningful and effective
- Social-contract theory → voluntary agreement amongst individuals through which an
organized society (state) is brought to existence
- Modern pluralism → critical view of the state
o R. Dahl, C. Lindblom, J. K. Galbraith
o Modern states are less responsible to pluralism
o Business enjoys privileged position
- Neo pluralism → style of social theorizing that remains faithful to pluralist values
while recognising the need to revise or update classical pluralism
The capitalist state
- Marxist notion, alternative to pluralism
Voordelen van het kopen van samenvattingen bij Stuvia op een rij:
√ Verzekerd van kwaliteit door reviews
Stuvia-klanten hebben meer dan 700.000 samenvattingen beoordeeld. Zo weet je zeker dat je de beste documenten koopt!
Snel en makkelijk kopen
Je betaalt supersnel en eenmalig met iDeal, Bancontact of creditcard voor de samenvatting. Zonder lidmaatschap.
Focus op de essentie
Samenvattingen worden geschreven voor en door anderen. Daarom zijn de samenvattingen altijd betrouwbaar en actueel. Zo kom je snel tot de kern!
Veelgestelde vragen
Wat krijg ik als ik dit document koop?
Je krijgt een PDF, die direct beschikbaar is na je aankoop. Het gekochte document is altijd, overal en oneindig toegankelijk via je profiel.
Tevredenheidsgarantie: hoe werkt dat?
Onze tevredenheidsgarantie zorgt ervoor dat je altijd een studiedocument vindt dat goed bij je past. Je vult een formulier in en onze klantenservice regelt de rest.
Van wie koop ik deze samenvatting?
Stuvia is een marktplaats, je koop dit document dus niet van ons, maar van verkoper natyprycova. Stuvia faciliteert de betaling aan de verkoper.
Zit ik meteen vast aan een abonnement?
Nee, je koopt alleen deze samenvatting voor €6,49. Je zit daarna nergens aan vast.
