2e master
diergeneeskunde
Ziekten van vogels en bijzondere dieren
Tine Haesebrouck
Universiteit Gent
2e master diergeneeskunde
,1
,ZIEKTE VAN VOGELS
INHOUD
O. Inleiding .....................................................................................................................................................................8
I. Anatomie en fysiologie ................................................................................................................................................9
0. Inleiding ..........................................................................................................................................................................9
1. HUID EN VEREN ..............................................................................................................................................................9
2. MUSCULOSKELETAAL SYSTEEM....................................................................................................................................12
3. SPIJSVERTERINGSSTELSEL.............................................................................................................................................13
4. ADEMHALINGSSTELSEL ................................................................................................................................................17
5. CARDIOVASCULAIR STELSEL .........................................................................................................................................19
6. UROGENITAAL STELSEL ................................................................................................................................................20
7. ZINTUIGEN ....................................................................................................................................................................22
8. BLOEDCELLEN ...............................................................................................................................................................23
Oefeningen als op het examen ........................................................................................................................................24
II. Klinisch onderzoek ...................................................................................................................................................26
0. Rol van dierenarts ........................................................................................................................................................26
1. Signalement..................................................................................................................................................................26
2. Anamnese.....................................................................................................................................................................26
3. Algemene indruk ..........................................................................................................................................................27
4. Algemeen onderzoek ...................................................................................................................................................28
5. Bijkomend onderzoek ..................................................................................................................................................29
6. Behandelingen .............................................................................................................................................................30
Voorbeeld examenvragen: ...............................................................................................................................................31
2
,III. Aandoeningen van duiven .......................................................................................................................................32
1. Inleiding ........................................................................................................................................................................32
2. Klinisch onderzoek .......................................................................................................................................................33
3. Virale ziekten ................................................................................................................................................................34
3.1 Paramyxovirus !!! ...................................................................................................................................................34
3.2 Adenovirus .............................................................................................................................................................35
3.3 Rotavirus ................................................................................................................................................................36
3.4 Herpesvirus ............................................................................................................................................................39
3.5 Poxvirus ..................................................................................................................................................................40
3.6 Circovirus ................................................................................................................................................................41
intermezzo ...................................................................................................................................................................43
4. Bacteriële en mycotische ziekten .................................................................................................................................44
4.1 Salmonella Typhimurium. = systemische ziekte, belangrijkste !! ...................................................................44
4.2 Streptococcus gallolyticus = systemische ziekte ...........................................................................................47
4.3 Escherichia coli = systemische ziekte ...........................................................................................................49
4.4 Chlamydia psittaci / ornithose ...............................................................................................................................50
4.5 Ademhalingsstoornissen ........................................................................................................................................51
4.6 Candidiase ..............................................................................................................................................................52
5. Parasitaire ziekten ........................................................................................................................................................53
5.1 Trichomonas ...........................................................................................................................................................53
5.2 Hexamita ................................................................................................................................................................54
5.3 Ascaridia en Capillaria ............................................................................................................................................56
5.4 Coccidiose ..............................................................................................................................................................57
5.5 Ectoparasieten .......................................................................................................................................................57
6. Niet infectieuze ziekten ................................................................................................................................................59
6.1 Polyurie ..................................................................................................................................................................59
6.2 Vederafwijkingen ...................................................................................................................................................59
6.3 Luchtzakscheur .......................................................................................................................................................60
6.4 Sialolieten ...............................................................................................................................................................60
6.5 Legnood ..................................................................................................................................................................61
6.6 Intoxicatie ...............................................................................................................................................................61
Oefeningen .......................................................................................................................................................................62
3
,IV. Ziekten van passeriformes ......................................................................................................................................64
Inleiding ............................................................................................................................................................................64
Virale aandoeningen ........................................................................................................................................................66
2.1 Poxvirus ..................................................................................................................................................................66
2.2 Cytomegalovirus.....................................................................................................................................................68
2.3 Papillomavirus = wratten poten ........................................................................................................................69
2.4 Polyomavirus ..........................................................................................................................................................70
2.5 Paramyxovirus ........................................................................................................................................................70
2.6 Circovirose - zwarte stip .........................................................................................................................................70
Intermezzo: casus .........................................................................................................................................................71
Bacteriële en mycotische aandoeningen .........................................................................................................................72
3.1 Rodentiose .............................................................................................................................................................72
3.2 Salmonellose ..........................................................................................................................................................73
3.3 Tuberculose !!! .......................................................................................................................................................74
3.4 Ornithose................................................................................................................................................................75
3.5 Enterococcus faecalis .............................................................................................................................................76
3.6 Campylobacter .......................................................................................................................................................77
3.7 Macrorhabdus !!! belangrijk.........................................................................................................................78
3.8 Candida ..................................................................................................................................................................80
Parasitaire aandoeningen ................................................................................................................................................81
4.1 Atoxoplasmose belangrijk !!!.......................................................................................................................81
4.2 Syngamose .............................................................................................................................................................82
4.3 Sternostoma infectie ..............................................................................................................................................83
4.4 Trichomonas ...........................................................................................................................................................84
4.5 Cochlosoma ............................................................................................................................................................84
4.6 Coccidiose ..............................................................................................................................................................85
4.7 Maagdarm nematoden ..........................................................................................................................................85
4.8 Ectoparasieten .......................................................................................................................................................86
Metabole en erfelijke ziekten ..........................................................................................................................................87
5.1 Lumps .....................................................................................................................................................................87
5.2 Vitamine A deficiëntie ............................................................................................................................................87
5.3 Ijzerstapelingsziekte ...............................................................................................................................................87
overige frequent voorkomende aandoeningen ...............................................................................................................89
6.1 Ringafsnoeringen ...................................................................................................................................................89
6.2 Bumble foot............................................................................................................................................................89
6.3 Schedeldakbloeding ...............................................................................................................................................89
Oefeningen .......................................................................................................................................................................90
4
,V. aandoeningen van hoenders ....................................................................................................................................92
Indeling.............................................................................................................................................................................92
1. Doelstellingen notie! ........................................................................................................................................92
2. Klinisch onderzoek .......................................................................................................................................................94
3. Vogelpest en pseudovogelpest ....................................................................................................................................95
4. Luchtwegproblematieken ......................................................................................................................................... 102
MULTIFACTORIEEL .................................................................................................................................................... 102
Virussen ..................................................................................................................................................................... 103
Bacteriën ................................................................................................................................................................... 105
SYNGAMUS TRACHEA ............................................................................................................................................... 111
Andere ....................................................................................................................................................................... 111
5. Huidproblematieken ................................................................................................................................................. 111
inleiding ..................................................................................................................................................................... 111
Trauma ...................................................................................................................................................................... 111
Pokken ....................................................................................................................................................................... 112
Marek ........................................................................................................................................................................ 114
Ectoparasieten .......................................................................................................................................................... 114
6. Gastrointestinale infecties ........................................................................................................................................ 116
Algemeen .................................................................................................................................................................. 116
Intestinatle parasitose............................................................................................................................................... 117
INTESTINALE BACTERIELE ZIEKTEN:........................................................................................................................... 123
INTESTINALE VIRALE ZIEKTEN ................................................................................................................................... 126
Diagnostische benadering intestinale infecties ........................................................................................................ 126
intermezzo: Kropproblemen ..................................................................................................................................... 127
7. Zoönotische voedselpathogenen .............................................................................................................................. 128
Inleiding ..................................................................................................................................................................... 128
ZOONOTISCHE SALMONELLA’S ................................................................................................................................. 129
CAMPYLOBACTERIOSE .............................................................................................................................................. 131
8. Ruimte-innemende processen in de coeloom .......................................................................................................... 133
Inleiding ..................................................................................................................................................................... 133
ONCOGENE VIRALE ZIEKTEN: .................................................................................................................................... 134
Leveraandoeningen ................................................................................................................................................... 140
Reproductiestelsel..................................................................................................................................................... 141
9. Locomotorische stoornissen ...................................................................................................................................... 142
10. nuttige informatie ................................................................................................................................................... 144
5
,IV. ZIEKTEN VAN PSITTACIFORMES ............................................................................................................................. 146
Inleiding ......................................................................................................................................................................... 146
Virale ziekten ................................................................................................................................................................. 150
VIRALE ZIEKTEN BIJ PSITTACIFORMEN ...................................................................................................................... 150
PARAMYXOVIRUS SEROTYPE 1 .................................................................................................................................. 151
PARAMYXOVIRUS SEROTYPE 3 = DRAAINEKZIEKTE .................................................................................................. 152
ZIEKTE VAN PACHECO ............................................................................................................................................... 154
POKKENVIRUS INFECTIE ............................................................................................................................................ 156
POLYOMAVIRUS INFECTIES ....................................................................................................................................... 156
PSITTACINE BEAK AND FEATHER DISEASE ................................................................................................................. 160
PROVENTRICULAIR DILATATIESYNDROOM (PDD) ..................................................................................................... 163
BACTERIËLE & MYCOTISCHE ZIEKTEN ........................................................................................................................... 166
PSITTACOSE – CHLAMYDIA........................................................................................................................................ 166
AVIAIRE TUBERCULOSE ............................................................................................................................................. 168
RODENTIOSE ............................................................................................................................................................. 170
SALMONELLOSE ........................................................................................................................................................ 170
ENTEROCOCCUS HIRAE SEPTICEMIE ......................................................................................................................... 171
PSEUDOMONAS INFECTIE ......................................................................................................................................... 171
MACRORHABDUS ORNITOGASTER............................................................................................................................ 172
ASPERGILLOSE ........................................................................................................................................................... 172
Parasitaire ziekten ......................................................................................................................................................... 175
INTESTINALE PARASITAIRE AANDOENINGEN ............................................................................................................ 175
TRICHOMONIASIS ...................................................................................................................................................... 175
GIARDIASIS ................................................................................................................................................................ 175
SCHURFT .................................................................................................................................................................... 175
BEVEDERINGSSTOORNISSEN ......................................................................................................................................... 176
VOEDINGSGERELATEERDE STOORNISSEN ..................................................................................................................... 178
HYPOCALCEMIE BIJ DE GRIJZE ROODSTAART............................................................................................................ 178
RACHITIS .................................................................................................................................................................... 179
SCHILDKLIERHYPERPLASIE zz ................................................................................................................................ 179
HYPOVITAMINOSE A komt veel voor! .................................................................................................................. 179
intoxicaties .................................................................................................................................................................... 182
ZWARE METALEN INTOXICATIE - LOODINTOXICATIE ................................................................................................ 182
ZWARE METALEN INTOXICATIE - ZINKINTOXICATIE .................................................................................................. 183
GIFTIGE PLANTEN ...................................................................................................................................................... 183
OVERIGE FREQUENT VOORKOMENDE AANDOENINGEN .............................................................................................. 184
Casussen papegaaien .................................................................................................................................................... 189
6
,7
,O. INLEIDING
Doelstellingen
• Belangrijkste infectieuzen en niet-infectieuze ziekten bij vogels en bijzondere diersoorten
• Kippen en duiven, Konijnen , Honingbijen => vogels, kleine zoogdieren en bijen
• DDX, diagnosen, behandeling, preventie
Examen
• Lessen !! Incl. Filmpjes etc
• Inzicht en toepassingsvragen
• Additionele zaken niet te kennen “extra”
• 65% vogels, 20% kleine zoogdieren, 15% bijen
• Vragen: open, MC, foto
Classificatie
• Klassen in het dierenrijk (Zoogdieren, vogels,…)
• Klasse wordt onderverdeeld in Ordes (papegaaien, duiven, hoenderachtigen,…)
• Ordes in de klasse van de vogels
Zoogdieren en vogels: Verschillen onderling => ene dier is het andere niet
8
, I. ANATOMIE EN FYSIOLOGIE
0. INLEIDING
BASISPRINCIPES! Aangepast om te vliegen
VOGEL ≠ GEVEDERD ZOOGDIER
• Gewichtloos: verschillende aanpassingen (Vergroeide botten , Holle botten , Luchtzakken, eieren ipv vrucht ,
geconcentreerde urine (urinezuur) , …)
DOELSTELLINGEN
• Kennis en inzicht verwerven over de basis anatomie en fysiologie van vogels,
• Kennis en inzicht over belangrijke klinische toepassingen
• Hint naar klinisch onderzoek
Leermiddelen:
• PP presentatie en lesopname
• Syllabus "ziekten van vogels": p. 9 - p. 21
• Oefeningen
• Extra’s
1. HUID EN VEREN
Dunne broze huid: weinig elastisch
• Voordeel: onderliggende structuren waarnemen
• Nadeel: huid scheurt gemakkelijk, injectie-opening sluit niet snel (intredepoort)
Geen zweetklieren
• Normale lichaamstemp 40°C (+1,5°C)
• Hittestress ! Op andere manier hitte kwijtgeraken = meer ventileren
o Hoog zitten, vleugels sprijden, mond open ademen
Stuitklier
• = craniodorsaal van de staart
• Verzorging vederkleed (vettig secreet)
• Glad, geen verkleuringen, geel romige vloeistof
Soorten veren
• Contourveren: contour vogel bepalen
• Slagpennen: slagkracht => bepalen mogelijkheid vliegen
• Vleugeldekveren, staartpennen, lichaamscontourveren
9
diergeneeskunde
Ziekten van vogels en bijzondere dieren
Tine Haesebrouck
Universiteit Gent
2e master diergeneeskunde
,1
,ZIEKTE VAN VOGELS
INHOUD
O. Inleiding .....................................................................................................................................................................8
I. Anatomie en fysiologie ................................................................................................................................................9
0. Inleiding ..........................................................................................................................................................................9
1. HUID EN VEREN ..............................................................................................................................................................9
2. MUSCULOSKELETAAL SYSTEEM....................................................................................................................................12
3. SPIJSVERTERINGSSTELSEL.............................................................................................................................................13
4. ADEMHALINGSSTELSEL ................................................................................................................................................17
5. CARDIOVASCULAIR STELSEL .........................................................................................................................................19
6. UROGENITAAL STELSEL ................................................................................................................................................20
7. ZINTUIGEN ....................................................................................................................................................................22
8. BLOEDCELLEN ...............................................................................................................................................................23
Oefeningen als op het examen ........................................................................................................................................24
II. Klinisch onderzoek ...................................................................................................................................................26
0. Rol van dierenarts ........................................................................................................................................................26
1. Signalement..................................................................................................................................................................26
2. Anamnese.....................................................................................................................................................................26
3. Algemene indruk ..........................................................................................................................................................27
4. Algemeen onderzoek ...................................................................................................................................................28
5. Bijkomend onderzoek ..................................................................................................................................................29
6. Behandelingen .............................................................................................................................................................30
Voorbeeld examenvragen: ...............................................................................................................................................31
2
,III. Aandoeningen van duiven .......................................................................................................................................32
1. Inleiding ........................................................................................................................................................................32
2. Klinisch onderzoek .......................................................................................................................................................33
3. Virale ziekten ................................................................................................................................................................34
3.1 Paramyxovirus !!! ...................................................................................................................................................34
3.2 Adenovirus .............................................................................................................................................................35
3.3 Rotavirus ................................................................................................................................................................36
3.4 Herpesvirus ............................................................................................................................................................39
3.5 Poxvirus ..................................................................................................................................................................40
3.6 Circovirus ................................................................................................................................................................41
intermezzo ...................................................................................................................................................................43
4. Bacteriële en mycotische ziekten .................................................................................................................................44
4.1 Salmonella Typhimurium. = systemische ziekte, belangrijkste !! ...................................................................44
4.2 Streptococcus gallolyticus = systemische ziekte ...........................................................................................47
4.3 Escherichia coli = systemische ziekte ...........................................................................................................49
4.4 Chlamydia psittaci / ornithose ...............................................................................................................................50
4.5 Ademhalingsstoornissen ........................................................................................................................................51
4.6 Candidiase ..............................................................................................................................................................52
5. Parasitaire ziekten ........................................................................................................................................................53
5.1 Trichomonas ...........................................................................................................................................................53
5.2 Hexamita ................................................................................................................................................................54
5.3 Ascaridia en Capillaria ............................................................................................................................................56
5.4 Coccidiose ..............................................................................................................................................................57
5.5 Ectoparasieten .......................................................................................................................................................57
6. Niet infectieuze ziekten ................................................................................................................................................59
6.1 Polyurie ..................................................................................................................................................................59
6.2 Vederafwijkingen ...................................................................................................................................................59
6.3 Luchtzakscheur .......................................................................................................................................................60
6.4 Sialolieten ...............................................................................................................................................................60
6.5 Legnood ..................................................................................................................................................................61
6.6 Intoxicatie ...............................................................................................................................................................61
Oefeningen .......................................................................................................................................................................62
3
,IV. Ziekten van passeriformes ......................................................................................................................................64
Inleiding ............................................................................................................................................................................64
Virale aandoeningen ........................................................................................................................................................66
2.1 Poxvirus ..................................................................................................................................................................66
2.2 Cytomegalovirus.....................................................................................................................................................68
2.3 Papillomavirus = wratten poten ........................................................................................................................69
2.4 Polyomavirus ..........................................................................................................................................................70
2.5 Paramyxovirus ........................................................................................................................................................70
2.6 Circovirose - zwarte stip .........................................................................................................................................70
Intermezzo: casus .........................................................................................................................................................71
Bacteriële en mycotische aandoeningen .........................................................................................................................72
3.1 Rodentiose .............................................................................................................................................................72
3.2 Salmonellose ..........................................................................................................................................................73
3.3 Tuberculose !!! .......................................................................................................................................................74
3.4 Ornithose................................................................................................................................................................75
3.5 Enterococcus faecalis .............................................................................................................................................76
3.6 Campylobacter .......................................................................................................................................................77
3.7 Macrorhabdus !!! belangrijk.........................................................................................................................78
3.8 Candida ..................................................................................................................................................................80
Parasitaire aandoeningen ................................................................................................................................................81
4.1 Atoxoplasmose belangrijk !!!.......................................................................................................................81
4.2 Syngamose .............................................................................................................................................................82
4.3 Sternostoma infectie ..............................................................................................................................................83
4.4 Trichomonas ...........................................................................................................................................................84
4.5 Cochlosoma ............................................................................................................................................................84
4.6 Coccidiose ..............................................................................................................................................................85
4.7 Maagdarm nematoden ..........................................................................................................................................85
4.8 Ectoparasieten .......................................................................................................................................................86
Metabole en erfelijke ziekten ..........................................................................................................................................87
5.1 Lumps .....................................................................................................................................................................87
5.2 Vitamine A deficiëntie ............................................................................................................................................87
5.3 Ijzerstapelingsziekte ...............................................................................................................................................87
overige frequent voorkomende aandoeningen ...............................................................................................................89
6.1 Ringafsnoeringen ...................................................................................................................................................89
6.2 Bumble foot............................................................................................................................................................89
6.3 Schedeldakbloeding ...............................................................................................................................................89
Oefeningen .......................................................................................................................................................................90
4
,V. aandoeningen van hoenders ....................................................................................................................................92
Indeling.............................................................................................................................................................................92
1. Doelstellingen notie! ........................................................................................................................................92
2. Klinisch onderzoek .......................................................................................................................................................94
3. Vogelpest en pseudovogelpest ....................................................................................................................................95
4. Luchtwegproblematieken ......................................................................................................................................... 102
MULTIFACTORIEEL .................................................................................................................................................... 102
Virussen ..................................................................................................................................................................... 103
Bacteriën ................................................................................................................................................................... 105
SYNGAMUS TRACHEA ............................................................................................................................................... 111
Andere ....................................................................................................................................................................... 111
5. Huidproblematieken ................................................................................................................................................. 111
inleiding ..................................................................................................................................................................... 111
Trauma ...................................................................................................................................................................... 111
Pokken ....................................................................................................................................................................... 112
Marek ........................................................................................................................................................................ 114
Ectoparasieten .......................................................................................................................................................... 114
6. Gastrointestinale infecties ........................................................................................................................................ 116
Algemeen .................................................................................................................................................................. 116
Intestinatle parasitose............................................................................................................................................... 117
INTESTINALE BACTERIELE ZIEKTEN:........................................................................................................................... 123
INTESTINALE VIRALE ZIEKTEN ................................................................................................................................... 126
Diagnostische benadering intestinale infecties ........................................................................................................ 126
intermezzo: Kropproblemen ..................................................................................................................................... 127
7. Zoönotische voedselpathogenen .............................................................................................................................. 128
Inleiding ..................................................................................................................................................................... 128
ZOONOTISCHE SALMONELLA’S ................................................................................................................................. 129
CAMPYLOBACTERIOSE .............................................................................................................................................. 131
8. Ruimte-innemende processen in de coeloom .......................................................................................................... 133
Inleiding ..................................................................................................................................................................... 133
ONCOGENE VIRALE ZIEKTEN: .................................................................................................................................... 134
Leveraandoeningen ................................................................................................................................................... 140
Reproductiestelsel..................................................................................................................................................... 141
9. Locomotorische stoornissen ...................................................................................................................................... 142
10. nuttige informatie ................................................................................................................................................... 144
5
,IV. ZIEKTEN VAN PSITTACIFORMES ............................................................................................................................. 146
Inleiding ......................................................................................................................................................................... 146
Virale ziekten ................................................................................................................................................................. 150
VIRALE ZIEKTEN BIJ PSITTACIFORMEN ...................................................................................................................... 150
PARAMYXOVIRUS SEROTYPE 1 .................................................................................................................................. 151
PARAMYXOVIRUS SEROTYPE 3 = DRAAINEKZIEKTE .................................................................................................. 152
ZIEKTE VAN PACHECO ............................................................................................................................................... 154
POKKENVIRUS INFECTIE ............................................................................................................................................ 156
POLYOMAVIRUS INFECTIES ....................................................................................................................................... 156
PSITTACINE BEAK AND FEATHER DISEASE ................................................................................................................. 160
PROVENTRICULAIR DILATATIESYNDROOM (PDD) ..................................................................................................... 163
BACTERIËLE & MYCOTISCHE ZIEKTEN ........................................................................................................................... 166
PSITTACOSE – CHLAMYDIA........................................................................................................................................ 166
AVIAIRE TUBERCULOSE ............................................................................................................................................. 168
RODENTIOSE ............................................................................................................................................................. 170
SALMONELLOSE ........................................................................................................................................................ 170
ENTEROCOCCUS HIRAE SEPTICEMIE ......................................................................................................................... 171
PSEUDOMONAS INFECTIE ......................................................................................................................................... 171
MACRORHABDUS ORNITOGASTER............................................................................................................................ 172
ASPERGILLOSE ........................................................................................................................................................... 172
Parasitaire ziekten ......................................................................................................................................................... 175
INTESTINALE PARASITAIRE AANDOENINGEN ............................................................................................................ 175
TRICHOMONIASIS ...................................................................................................................................................... 175
GIARDIASIS ................................................................................................................................................................ 175
SCHURFT .................................................................................................................................................................... 175
BEVEDERINGSSTOORNISSEN ......................................................................................................................................... 176
VOEDINGSGERELATEERDE STOORNISSEN ..................................................................................................................... 178
HYPOCALCEMIE BIJ DE GRIJZE ROODSTAART............................................................................................................ 178
RACHITIS .................................................................................................................................................................... 179
SCHILDKLIERHYPERPLASIE zz ................................................................................................................................ 179
HYPOVITAMINOSE A komt veel voor! .................................................................................................................. 179
intoxicaties .................................................................................................................................................................... 182
ZWARE METALEN INTOXICATIE - LOODINTOXICATIE ................................................................................................ 182
ZWARE METALEN INTOXICATIE - ZINKINTOXICATIE .................................................................................................. 183
GIFTIGE PLANTEN ...................................................................................................................................................... 183
OVERIGE FREQUENT VOORKOMENDE AANDOENINGEN .............................................................................................. 184
Casussen papegaaien .................................................................................................................................................... 189
6
,7
,O. INLEIDING
Doelstellingen
• Belangrijkste infectieuzen en niet-infectieuze ziekten bij vogels en bijzondere diersoorten
• Kippen en duiven, Konijnen , Honingbijen => vogels, kleine zoogdieren en bijen
• DDX, diagnosen, behandeling, preventie
Examen
• Lessen !! Incl. Filmpjes etc
• Inzicht en toepassingsvragen
• Additionele zaken niet te kennen “extra”
• 65% vogels, 20% kleine zoogdieren, 15% bijen
• Vragen: open, MC, foto
Classificatie
• Klassen in het dierenrijk (Zoogdieren, vogels,…)
• Klasse wordt onderverdeeld in Ordes (papegaaien, duiven, hoenderachtigen,…)
• Ordes in de klasse van de vogels
Zoogdieren en vogels: Verschillen onderling => ene dier is het andere niet
8
, I. ANATOMIE EN FYSIOLOGIE
0. INLEIDING
BASISPRINCIPES! Aangepast om te vliegen
VOGEL ≠ GEVEDERD ZOOGDIER
• Gewichtloos: verschillende aanpassingen (Vergroeide botten , Holle botten , Luchtzakken, eieren ipv vrucht ,
geconcentreerde urine (urinezuur) , …)
DOELSTELLINGEN
• Kennis en inzicht verwerven over de basis anatomie en fysiologie van vogels,
• Kennis en inzicht over belangrijke klinische toepassingen
• Hint naar klinisch onderzoek
Leermiddelen:
• PP presentatie en lesopname
• Syllabus "ziekten van vogels": p. 9 - p. 21
• Oefeningen
• Extra’s
1. HUID EN VEREN
Dunne broze huid: weinig elastisch
• Voordeel: onderliggende structuren waarnemen
• Nadeel: huid scheurt gemakkelijk, injectie-opening sluit niet snel (intredepoort)
Geen zweetklieren
• Normale lichaamstemp 40°C (+1,5°C)
• Hittestress ! Op andere manier hitte kwijtgeraken = meer ventileren
o Hoog zitten, vleugels sprijden, mond open ademen
Stuitklier
• = craniodorsaal van de staart
• Verzorging vederkleed (vettig secreet)
• Glad, geen verkleuringen, geel romige vloeistof
Soorten veren
• Contourveren: contour vogel bepalen
• Slagpennen: slagkracht => bepalen mogelijkheid vliegen
• Vleugeldekveren, staartpennen, lichaamscontourveren
9
