Medical Interpreter FINAL exam Already Passed

Medical Interpreter FINAL exam Already Passed Medical Interpreting Interpreting for patients, their families and service providers in healthcare Community interpreting A specialization of interpreting that facilitates access to community services. List the minimum requirements for a medical interpreter to practice in the United States? 1. Be 18 years old. 2. Have a high school or secondary school diploma or equivalent. 3. Have proof of language proficiency. 4. Have a certificate for 40 hours of medical interpreter training Describe the difference between a certificate and certification. Certificate: The document of credential. Showing that you have completed a course of study. Certification: The process of credential. You have demonstrated that you can perform some or all of the skills required to enter the profession. What is a code of ethics? is a set of rules that govern the conduct and behavior of a profession. strict & rigid. and it show you must do. Why do ethics matter? They help you make decisions in difficult situations. They guide you about "right and wrong" in your work and conduct. code of ethics : Respect The interpreter treats all parties with respect. code of ethics : Professionalism The interpreter must at all times act in a professional and ethical manner. code of ethics : Professional Development The interpreter strives to continually further his/her knowledge and skills. What are standards of practice? A set of formal guidelines that offer practitioners of a profession clear strategies and courses of action to support professional conduct. In other words, standards are the guidelines on how to support your ethics and perform at a professional level. List some differences between ethics and standards of practice. 1. Ethics are like rules. Standards are the guidelines 2. Ethics are what we should do. Standards are how we do it. 3. Ethics are the goal. Standards are the way we get there. 4. Ethics are more strict; standards are more flexible. Spell out what NCIHC and IMIA stands for. National Council on Interpreting in Health Care International Medical Interpreters Association What are the 9 principles of the NCIHC code of ethics? accuracy advocacy confidentiality cultural awareness impartiality respect role boundaries professionalism professional development Communicative autonomy The capacity of each party in an encounter to be responsible for and in control of his or her own communication. Confidentiality The interpreter treats as confidential, within the treating team, all information learned in the performance of their professional duties, while observing relevant requirements regarding disclosure. - The interpreter protects written information and keeping information private respect The interpreter treats all parties with respect. - The interpreter promotes direct communication, treating all parties with respect; showing respect in culturally appropriate ways Advocacy When the patient's health, well-being, or dignity is at risk, the interpreter may be justified in acting as an advocate. Advocacy is understood as an action taken on behalf of an individual that goes beyond facilitating communication, with the intention of supporting good health outcomes. Advocacy must only be undertaken after careful and thoughtful analysis of the situation and if other less intrusive actions have not resolved the problem. - The interpreter speaks out to protect from harm and acts or speaks out to prevent harm of any party Professionalism The interpreter must at all times act in a professional and ethical manner. Professional development The interpreter strives to continually further his/her knowledge and skills. - interpreter continues to gain knowledge and skills through training, classes, or practice Accuracy The interpreter strives to render the message accurately, conveying the content and spirit of the original message, taking into consideration its cultural context. - Advise parties that everything will be interpreted - Keeping information private - The interpreter maintains transparency impartiality The interpreter strives to maintain impartiality and refrains from counseling, advising or projecting personal biases or beliefs. Role boundaries The interpreter maintains the boundaries of the professional role, refraining from personal involvement. - The interpreter limits activity to interpreting List the three steps in the SAY NO Model (how to say no to a request). 1. Be gracious. 2. Offer 2-3 choices. 3. Give reasons. Should a community interpreter use first person at all times? If not when is it appropriate to use indirect speech or third person? Yes. But there are a few cases when you might need to interpret in indirect speech ex) • With young children, some elderly persons or anyone confused by the use of first-person. • For certain languages, including some indigenous languages, where interpreting in first person isn't understood. • In an emergency situation. • When you interpret for several people such as family members. • When you interpret horrific content (such as rape or torture). What is the cultural mediation means? Cultural mediation is also known as culture brokering, cultural clarification and cultural interpreting. For interpreters, cultural mediation refers to the act of addressing a cultural misunderstanding while acting as an interpreter, during or outside the session. What are the 4 modes of interpreting and which mode should almost never be used? Consecutive, simultaneous, sight translation and summarization summarization should almost never be used. What is cultural competence? is a field that focus on how to provide services effectively across cultures. It is an important dimension of the work of community interpreters- refers to the knowledge, attitudes & skill In what person must interpreter always interpret e.g I or He or She The interpreter must speak with the 1st person I What are stereotypes and what problem does it pose for patients? Stereotypes are based on options, thoughts & images that tend to paint everyone with the same brush. tend to be negative ( provider treat some groups positively than others. fail to consider an individual as complex human being) List the steps of the strategic mediation? 1. Interpret what was just said 2. Identify yourself as the interpreter 3. Mediate briefly 4. Report your mediation to the other party 5. Resume interpreting What information interpreters need to know ahead of an appointment? 1. Preparation 2. Pre-conference ( optional) 3. Introduction 4. Session 5. Medication ( optional) When you mediate why is it important to indicate it is the interpreter speaking? it help to make clear that you are speaking as the interpreter Should community interpreter translate document? translate short document 1 or 2 pages written simple language. do not translate long or complex document, legal document ( consent forms) or unfamiliar terminology to the interpreters. what are the NCIHC standards and practices? Do not add, omit or substitute Advise that everything will be interpreted Conserve register, style and tone Manage the flow of communication Correct errors Maintain confidentiality If you are asked to perform sight translation of a long and complex legal document filled with unfamiliar term, you should Politely decline the request understanding, and helping others understand, different cultural behaviors and beliefs cultural awareness role boundaries understanding your job and duties as an interpreter and not doing any more or less Example of accuracy All samples close to the true value or target The interpreter tells both parties that everything they say will be interpreted Example of confidentiality the interpreter does not leave notes out from an interpreting session for others to see Example of impartiality the interpreter does not agree with what the doctor is saying, but he/she doesn't show it Example of respect the interpreter may tell the patient and provider to talk to each other rather than talk to the interpreter Example of cultural awareness the interpreter learns about traditional remedies/medications people in a culture typically use Example of role boundaries the interpreter does not share overly personal information with the patient or provider Example of professionalism the interpreter does not accept jobs they feel they do not have the skills or language to do well Example of professional development the interpreter attends a class to learn more about changes in medical terminology Example of advocacy the interpreter tells a supervisor when he notices a provider continually disrespects patients Why must interpreter develop new vocabulary and a glossary of words for different sectors? Each services setting has its own terminology National certification exist for which group of interpreter? Medical interpreter Define working language, source language and target language. 1. Working language: any language the interpreter interprets in. 2. Source language: the language you interpret FROM. 3. Target language: the language you interpret INTO. Identify seven steps of the encounter. - Seven steps: 1. Pre-encounter: Preparation, briefing (optional) 2. Encounter: Introduction, interpreting, mediation (if needed) 3. Post-encounter: Debriefing (optional), analysis Identify four interpreting protocols 1. Positioning 2. Professional introductions 3. First person (direct speech) 4. Turn-taking (managing the flow: interrupting the session for accuracy) Write down the four elements of an interpreter's introduction that come after stating their name/organization? Everything will be interpreted. Everything will be kept confidential. Please speak directly to the client/provider. Please pause when I make a signal to let me interpret. List the steps for sight translation. - Before the sight translation 1. Make sure that the provider remains present. 2. Assess the text to see if you should sight translate it or not (using the CALL model). - During the sight translation 1. Read the whole text. 2. Identify any challenges, such as unfamiliar terms, complex syntax or high register. 3. Ask for clarification as needed. 4. Render the text from beginning to end, keeping a natural reading flow. - After the sight translation 1. Self-assess the accuracy of your sight translation. 2. Decide if you should continue to sight translate such texts. What does CALL stand for and what should you use it for? Complex, advanced (e.g., advanced terminology), legal or long. It basically helps you to remember which documents you probably shouldn't sight translate. If after using the CALL method you decide you cannot sight translate, don't just say no, ask the provider to explain the document and you will be happy to interpret the explanation or (if a provider is rushed) have someone else come in to explain the document while you interpret the explanation. What is the CALL model? (Avoid Sight translating these types of documents) C: Complex (Text written in a high register, long sentences, complicated syntax or abstract content that make it difficult to render smoothly) A: Advanced (highly specialized text with jargon and difficult terminology) L: Legal (signed document or legal terminology) L: Long (more than one or 2 pages) If you could make serious mistakes in case, you should avoid sight translating documents that are complex, advanced, legal, or long How can an interpreter become aware of internal bias? Recognizing and eliminating the interpreter's own opinions and values from the interpreting session. Name some memory aids and how you would use them? 1. Visualization - interpreter sees images that will remind him of spoken words. 2. Mind Mapping - find a key idea, connect the idea via association 3. Note Taking - in target language 4. Finger Counting 5. Anchoring - repeating the last word or concept. What are the different roles of the Interpreter? 1. Conduit 2. Clarifier 3. Culture Broker 4. The Advocate What is the difference between Certificate and Certification? A certificate is what is generally received after taking a medical interpreting training course. Certification is received after passing an exam given by a professional body such as NBCMI (National Board of Certification for Medical Interpreters) and CCHI (Certification Commission for Healthcare Interpreters). What is a language access law? Legislation that requires or specify that the impact of discrimination in access to public services is reduced through professional language assistance. Four common barriers to clear communication What are the four barriers? 1. Linguistic challenges 2. Role confusion 3. Cultural misunderstanding 4.Service system barriers What is sight translation? Reading and understanding written content in the source language and rendering it orally into the target language. In short, it is the oral translation of a written text (or a rendering in signed language). During the sight translation, follow these five steps: 1 . Read the text from beginning to end. 2. Identify any challenges, such as unfamiliar terms. 3. Ask for clarification as needed. 4. Consult dictionaries, glossaries or electronic resources. if necessary. 5 . Render the text from beginning to end, keeping a natural reading flow. Improve Terminology/Vocabulary 1. Watch TV shows (e.g., medical, legal), news and general talk shows in all your working languages: write down new terms as you listen to look up later. 2. Collect brochures and other materials from waiting rooms (or look online). 3. Join listservs of interpreter associations where many terms are discussed. 4. Ask for documents you will sight translate and study those documents. 5. Explore online encyclopedias such as Wikipedia 6. Call another interpreter who knows that service and ask about lessons learned. 7. Look up the provider’s organization online 8. Research the topic 9. Research in both (or all) your working languages 10. Ask peers- Colleagues, teachers and trainers