TEST BANK FOR GENETICS FROM GENES TO GENOMES 6TH EDITION BY HARTWELL – COMPLETE ALL CHAPTERS

TEST BANK FOR GENETICS FROM GENES TO GENOMES 6TH EDITION BY HARTWELL – COMPLETE ALL CHAPTERS. Genetics: The Study of Biological Information 1) How does DNA structure relate to its function? - The order of nucleotides in a DNA strand specifies the order of amino acids in aIprotein. 2) What is a difference between the structure of DNA and proteins? - DNA is composed of nucleotides and proteins are composed of amino acids. 3) A genome can be best described as - the DNA in all chromosomes in a cell. 4) What is the difference between the function of DNA and the function of proteins? - DNA stores genetic information and proteins perform most cellular functions. 5) Which statement supports the theory that all organisms are related? - The genetic code is almost universal. 6) New genes are thought to arise by which mechanism? - Gene duplication followed by divergence due to mutation. 7) What is the most likely way a mutation in one gene can convert one body part to another? - The mutated gene encodes a protein that affects the expression of many other genes. 8) A recent technical advancement that has accelerated the study of genomes is the abilityto - sequence large complex genomes rapidly and inexpensively. 9) What is the difference between genetic dissection and genome sequencing? - Genetic dissection reveals information about one gene at a time and genomesequencing reveals information about all the genes in a genome at once. 10) Currently, what information can be obtained from sequencing an individual's genome? - Information about gene variants that predispose a person to a disease, such ascI ancer. 11) Which is not a potential problem of allowing the genomic sequences of individuals tobecome widely available? - Advances leading to healthier lives for some people. 12) One strand of DNA has the sequence 5′ GGTCTA 3′. What is the sequence of the otherstrand? - 5′ TAGACC 3′ 13) Which statement is true about the structure of DNA? - The two strands of a DNA molecule are held together by base pairing. 14) The size of the mouse (M. musculus) genome is 2700 megabases (Mb) and it contains about 25,000 genes arranged on 40 chromosomes. If the genes are evenly distributed on chromosomes in the mouse, what is the average number of genes per chromosome? - 625 15) Which statement about the structure of proteins is false? - Most proteins consist of two amino acid polymers attached together by hydrogen bonding. 16) Which is a structural feature shared by DNA, RNA, and proteins? - The order of monomers is important for function. 17) A segment of a protein has the amino acid sequence Ser—Gly—Leu. Is it possible toinfer the sequence of the RNA that encodes this amino acid sequence? No; more than one type of RNA (more than one base sequence) could encode this aminoacid sequence. 18) A sequence of bases in the middle of an RNA used to encode a polypeptide has the sequence UUA—AUG—CGU. Is it possible to infer the sequence of the amino acids encoded by this RNA? - Yes, the sequence is Leu—Met—Arg. 19) Mutation of a mouse gene results in mice that lack heart muscle. What characteristic would you expect to find in a human gene that has a common origin with this mouse gene? - The human and mouse genes will specify proteins with similar amino acidsequences. 20) A mouse gene was identified and determined to be required for formation of heart muscle. A gene with a similar sequence was identified in the human genome. What experiment could scientists do to determine if the mouse and human genes have similarfunctions? - The scientist could place the normal human gene into mutant mice to see if heartmuscle forms in the mouse. 21)A sequence of amino acids found in a subunit of the ATP synthase enzyme in several species is shown below. Which amino acids are likely to be most important to the function of ATP synthase? - Those that are shaded dark blue because the amino acids are identical between species. 22) The function of a single fruit fly gene was inactivated completely by mutation. A fruit flywith this mutation did not have legs. Which is a reasonable conclusion to make based on this information? - The normal gene function is required for leg formation in fruit flies. 23) Galactosemia is a metabolic disorder characterized by the inability to metabolize thesugar galactose. People with galactosemia suffer from liver, kidney, and brain damage among other symptoms. A gene mutation underlying galactosemia was identified by sequencing the genome of a person with galactosemia. What additional evidence would support the hypothesis that the mutation in the candidate gene causes the disease? - Sequencing the genomes from unrelated people with galactosemia and discovering that they also have mutations in the candidate gene. Brooker Chapter 1 Overview of Genetics 1) The basic unit of heredity is the . - gene 2) A variation of a gene is called a(n) . - allele 3) Which of the following acts to accelerate chemical reactions in a cell? - Enzymes 4) The building blocks of DNA are the . - nucleotides 5) If a carbohydrate is going to be broken down for energy, which of the followingmI olecules would be directly involved in the breakdown? - Catabolic enzymes 6) RNA is formed by the process of . - transcription 7) A characteristic that an organism displays is called . - a trait 8) If a geneticist is studying the prevalence of a trait in a species, they are at the level of study. - population 9) The study of the processes of transcription and translation is at the level of biological organization. - molecular 10) Alternate versions of a specific gene are called . - alleles 11) Genetic variation is ultimately based upon which of the following? - Small variations in nucleotide sequence of the DNA 12) A species that contains two copies of each chromosome is called . - diploid 13) A cell that makes up the body structure of an organism and is diploid is . - a somatic cell 14) In many organisms, one set of chromosomes comes from the maternal parent, while the other set comes from the paternal parent. Similar chromosomes in these sets are said tobe . - homologs 15) In humans, gametes are different than other cells of the body in that they are . - haploid 16) Which of the following is correct regarding natural selection?It is based on competition for resources Beneficial traits are passed on to the next generation It enables a species to become better adapted to its environment It may drastically change a species over time All the answers are correct