PHLEBOTOMY NATIONAL EXAM (NHA) Questions and Answers 2023

PHLEBOTOMY NATIONAL EXAM (NHA) Questions and Answers 2023 Characteristics imperative to a phlebotomist Dependability, honesty, integrity, empathy and compassion, professional appearance, interpersonal skills Circulatory system function deliver oxygen, nutrients, hormones, & enzymes to cells and transport cellular waste (CO2) to organs where they can be expelled The two circulations Pulmonary & Systemic Pulmonary circulation carries deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs and returns oxygenated blood from lungs to left atrium Where does oxygenation take place in the lungs? alveoli Systemic circulation carries oxygenated blood from left ventricle throughout the body Upper chambers of the heart right and left atria lower chambers of the heart right and left ventricle tricuspid valve atrioventricular valve, situated between right atrium and right ventricle **to remember this valve is on the right side of the heart-- people TRY to be RIGHT pulmonic valve semi-lunar valve situated between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery Mitral valve (or bicuspid) atrioventricular valve located between the left atrium and left ventricle aortic valve semi lunar valve situated between the left ventricle and aorta Flow of blood through the heart Superior and Inferior Vena Cavae< Right atrium< tricuspid valve< right ventricle< pulmonic valve< pulmonary artery< lungs< pulmonary vein< left atrium< mitral (bicuspid) valve< left ventricle< aorta< rest of body Three layers of the heart Endocardium, myocardium, epicardium Blood vessels arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, veins, superior & inferior vena cavae aorta, arteries, and arterioles carry_____ blood _______ the heart oxygenated & away from venules, veins, and superior and inferior vena cave carry _____ blood ________ the heart deoxygenated & back to The average adult has ______ liters of blood 5-6 Plasma comprises how much of circulating blood? 55% Plasma contains.... proteins, amino acids, gases, electrolytes, sugars, hormones, minerals, vitamins, and water What percent of plasma is water? 92% Formed elements comprise what percent of circulating blood? 45% another name for red blood cells... Erythrocytes What makes up the formed elements? Red blood cells, White blood cells, and platelets Another name for white blood cells... leukocytes another name for platelets... thrombocytes What comprises 99% of the formed elements? red blood cells (erythrocytes) Where do blood cells originate? stem cells in bone marrow How many RBCs are in a microliter of blood? 4.2 to 6.2 million Normal life span of an RBS is... 120 days Function of a leukocyte provide the body protection against infection Amount of WBCs per microliter of blood 5,000-10,000 leukocytosis increase in WBCs leukocytosis is seen when? cases of infection and leukemia leukopenia decrease in WBCs leukopenia is seen when? viral infections or chemotherapy Five types of WBCs neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, basophils Average number of platelets per microliter of blood 140,000-440,000 Hemostasis process by which blood vessels are repaired after injury Stage 1 of Hemostasis Vascular phase Vascular phase blood vessel constricts slowing blood flow Stage 2 of Hemostasis platelet phase